Dexmedetomidine: Dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to total intravenous anesthesia.
Fentanyl: Fentanyl as an adjunct to total intravenous anesthesia.
Magnesium: Magnesium sulphate as an adjunct to total intravenous anesthesia.
Study summary
Craniotomy presents true anesthetic challenges, mainly due to the need to optimize cerebral perfusion, facilitate brain relaxation, achieve rapid emergence for neurologic assessment, and minimize perioperative complications.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
21 Years
Max age
60 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Patient acceptance.
* Physical status: American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA) 1\& II.
* Body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2.
* Type of operation: elective craniotomy for brain tumor resection.
* Duration of surgery: within 4 hours.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patient with hemodynamic instability or anticipated postoperative mechanical ventilation.
* Patients with a known history of allergy to the study drugs.
* Advanced hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, and neurologic diseases.
* Patients with chronic opioid use.
Primary outcome measure(s)
The total intraoperative propofol consumption — 4 hours The total intraoperative propofol consumption (in milligrams).
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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