Effects of Custom 3D Printed Insoles and Short Foot Exercises in Pes Planus

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Custom 3D Printed Insoles and Short Foot Exercises: The intervention consists of a combined biomechanical and active rehabilitation approach for individuals with pes planus: 1. Custom 3D Printed Insoles: The participants' feet will be 3D scanned, and custom insoles will be manufactured using 3D printing technology. Participants will be recommended to use these personalized insoles during their daily activities for a total of 8 weeks. 2. Short Foot Exercises (SFE): Participants will perform a short foot exercise (foot core / intrinsic muscle) program aimed at increasing intrinsic foot muscle activation. The exercise protocol will be performed daily for 8 weeks, with each repetition held for five seconds.

Study summary

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of combining custom 3D-printed medial arch-supported insoles with short foot exercises on foot posture, balance, and gait parameters in individuals with pes planus (flat feet). Furthermore, the study will investigate the impact of this combined intervention on secondary outcomes, including pain levels, health-related quality of life, and functional exercise capacity measured by the 6-Minute Walk Test.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6) — Baseline and 8 Weeks
  Assesses foot posture across 6 criteria. Total scores range from -12 (highly supinated) to +12 (highly pronated).
• Navicular Drop Test (NDT) — Baseline and 8 Weeks
  Assesses medial longitudinal arch height difference (in mm) between seated (non-weight bearing) and standing (weight bearing) positions. Higher values indicate increased pronation.
• Modified Star Excursion Balance Test (MSEBT) — Baseline and 8 Weeks
  Evaluates dynamic balance by measuring the maximum reach distance (in cm) in three directions: anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral.
• Spatiotemporal Gait and Plantar Pressure Parameters — Baseline and 8 Weeks
  Evaluated using the Zebris system. Includes gait speed (m/s), cadence (steps/min), stride length (cm), stance percentage (%), and plantar pressure parameters (e.g., peak pressure, contact area).

Trial sites (1)

More Kutahya Health Sciences University trials in Turkey

Other trials for the same condition