NAION in Non-Diabetic Obese Patients Using GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Real-World Study

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy: Use of a GLP-1 RA prescribed in routine clinical care. No study-specific treatment is given.

Study summary

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is one of the most common causes of sudden, painless, usually unilateral vision loss in adults over 50 years of age, and no proven effective treatment exists. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, are widely used for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Since 2023, case series, cohort studies and regulatory reviews have raised the possibility of an association between semaglutide and NAION, but published evidence is conflicting, and data in non-diabetic obese patients are limited.

This retrospective, single-center, descriptive real-world study will review the existing records of non-diabetic obese adults (BMI \> 30) who used a GLP-1 RA and attended the ophthalmology outpatient clinic between January 2025 and February 2026 with at least two eye examinations. The aim is to describe the occurrence and time-related change of NAION and related ophthalmic findings in this population.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Occurrence of NAION — Baseline (GLP-1 RA initiation) to final recorded eye examination, up to 14 months
  Number and percentage of participants with a NAION diagnosis recorded in the ophthalmic examination records.

Trial sites (1)

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