A Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training Program Model

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

The mindfulness group-"Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program": Week 1: Introduction, defining group dynamics, establishing group rules. Week 2: What is mindfulness? The breathing exercise, autopilot, raisin eating exercise. Homework: Creating mindfulness routines (brushing teeth, walking, showering, cooking or eating). Week 3: Stress, the physiology of stress, and the relationship between mindfulness and stress. Sitting meditation. Homework: Doing sitting meditation twice a week. Week 4: The relationship between thought, emotion, and behavior, Body scan meditation. Homework: Doing body scan meditation one day, sitting meditation the next. Doing 10-finger exercises. Week 5: Coping with challenging emotions and self-compassion. Self-compassion meditation. Homework: Caring for a plant or planting a flower. One day body scan, one day self-compassion meditation. Week 6: Program evaluation and closing.

The life skills workshop group-"Lifestyle Management and Well-being Workshop": Week 1: Introduction, defining group dynamics. Week 2: Physiological Relaxation (Progressive Relaxation Exercises) Week 3: Sleep Hygiene: Circadian Rhythm and Biological Clock, Melatonin and Light Relationship, Sleep Stages and Restorative Effect Week 4: Nutrition and Stress: The effect of nutrition on stress and anxiety will be discussed: Blood Sugar Balance and "False Anxiety" (Glycemic Index), Gut-Brain Axis and Serotonin, Caffeine and Cortisol Interaction. Week 5: Social Support and Problem Solving: Time Management and Academic Stress (Problem-Oriented Coping), Social Support and Oxytocin Effect, and Recreation and "Active Rest". Week 6: Program evaluation and closing.

Study summary

Mindfulness-based practices are used to regulate mood, alleviate or completely eliminate symptoms that cause stress and depression, and positively influence well-being. The Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program is a mindfulness approach applied to individuals with physical and psychological complaints and aims to reduce stress levels (Kral et al., 2022).

The Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program is a widely used meditation practice that includes individual or group practices aimed at creating awareness in individuals, such as breath awareness meditation, body scan, walking meditation, and yoga, taught by a practitioner. Each of the practices involves focusing attention on the experience of the present moment (Kral et al., 2022). However, it aims for individuals under stress to respond consciously to situations instead of automatically reacting (Gotink et al., 2016). Unlike traditional meditation, the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program is based on focused attention, the individual's clear observation of themselves and events, and breath meditation. The aim is for individuals to recognize their automatic responses to events and to transform their existing responses without judgment (Gotink et al., 2016).

The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of a mindfulness-based stress reduction training program on emotion regulation and stress levels of nursing students, thereby enabling them to gain competence in this area.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Participant Information Form — At the end of the training, at the end of the 6th week
  This form consists of eight questions asking participants to assess their age, gender, class, economic status, smoking/alcohol or substance use, place of residence, and health status.
• Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) — At the end of the training, at the end of the 6th week
  The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale is a 15-item scale that measures the general tendency to be aware of and attentive to momentary experiences in daily life. MAAS has a single-factor structure and gives a single total score. High scores on the scale indicate high mindful awareness. MAAS is a 6-point Likert-type scale (Almost always, most of the time, sometimes, rarely, quite rarely, almost never).
• Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) — At the end of the training, at the end of the 6th week
  The scale uses a 4-point Likert-type rating scale (Never=0, Sometimes and Occasionally=1, Quite Often=2, Always=3). The scale has three sub-dimensions: depression, anxiety, and stress. Each sub-dimension consists of 7 items, for a total of 21 items. The highest possible score is 21, and the lowest is 0. The normal range is 0-4 for depression, 0-3 for anxiety, and 0-7 for stress. Mild depression scores range from 5-6, anxiety from 4-5, and stress from 8-9; moderate depression scores range from 7-10, anxiety from 6-7, and stress from 10-12; severe depression scores range from 11-13, anxiety from 8-9, and stress from 13-16; profound depression scores range from 14 and above, anxiety from 10 and above, and stress from 17 and above.
• WHO (Five) Well-being Index — At the end of the training, at the end of the 6th week
  Developed to assess participants' well-being, this scale consists of a single dimension and 5 items, each scored on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from "never (0)" to "always (5)". There are no reverse-coded items. The raw score is calculated by summing the numbers from the five responses. The raw score ranges from 0 to 25, where 0 represents the worst possible quality of life and 25 represents the best possible quality of life. To obtain a percentage score between 0 and 100, the raw score is multiplied by 4. 0% indicates the worst possible quality of life, while 100% represents the best possible quality of life.
• Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale-Short Form — At the end of the training, at the end of the 6th week
  This scale is a 5-point Likert scale. There are no reverse-coded items. While the scale can be evaluated within the scope of sub-dimensions, high total scores indicate a greater degree of emotion regulation difficulty. The scale consists of the following sub-dimensions: openness (items 1 and 2), goals (items 3, 7, and 15), drive (items 4, 8, and 11), strategies (items 5, 6, 12, 14, and 16), and rejection (items 9, 10, and 13).

Trial sites (1)

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