Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia Exercise Program on Bone Turnover Markers and Metabolism in Premenopausal Women

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

exercise and environmental conditions: Participants will perform endurance-strength training for 4 weeks in a variety of environmental conditions. Somatic indices and quantitative indicators of bone mass (bone mineral density) will be measured both before and after the training period. Before the first training day and the day after the last training day, blood will be drawn for biochemical analysis.

exercise and environmental conditions: Passive exposure to normobaric hypoxia conditions. No training intervention. There will be a measurement of selected somatic indices and a quantitative measurement of bone mass indices (bone mineral density). A blood draw for biochemical analysis will be performed.

Study summary

The impact of a proprietary training program in normobaric hypoxia on changes in bone turnover markers as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in premenopausal women falls within the realm of physical culture for an active and healthy society. Within this context, the implementation of a project is supported aiming to:

1. Monitor, support, and promote physical development, fitness, and physical activity in society, by assessing the effects of a proprietary training program in normobaric hypoxia on changes in bone turnover markers as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in premenopausal women.
2. Develop and implement innovative methods, forms, and means of physical activation and training for individuals of various ages, by formulating general assumptions of an endurance-strength training concept under normobaric hypoxia conditions, concerning changes in bone turnover markers as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in premenopausal women.
3. Prevent injuries in physical education and sports, by designing a useful training program for osteoporosis prevention as well as for managing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in premenopausal women.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Blood analysis- part 1 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Bone turnover markers: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ng/ml), osteocalcin (ng/ml), N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ng/ml), osteoprotegerin (ng/ml), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolite (ng/ml).
• Blood analysis- part 2 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Hormones of lipid metabolism: adiponectin (μg/mL)
• Blood analysis- part 3 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Hormones of lipid metabolism: lipid profile (mg/dL)
• Blood analysis- part 4 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Hormones of lipid metabolism: lipoprotein atherogenicity index (no unit)
• Blood analysis- part 5 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Hormones of carbohydrate metabolism: glucose (mg/dL)
• Blood analysis- part 6 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Hormones of carbohydrate metabolism: insulin (IU/mL), leptin (IU/mL), ghrelin (IU/mL)
• Blood analysis- part 7 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Thyroid hormones: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (IU/L)
• Blood analysis- part 8 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Vitamins: Vitamin D (ng/mL)
• Blood analysis- part 9 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Plasma volume changes (ml/kg)
• Blood analysis- part 10 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Rheology: viscosity (Pa·s), viscoelasticity (Pa·s)
• Blood analysis- part 11 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Rheology: shear rate (s-¹)
• Blood analysis- part 12 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Rheology: shear stress (Pa), elastic modulus (Pa)
• Blood analysis- part 13 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: erythrocytes (million/μL)
• Blood analysis- part 14 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: leukocytes (thousand/μL), platelets (thousand/μL)
• Blood analysis- part 15 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: hemoglobin (g/dL)
• Blood analysis- part 16 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: hematocrit (%), red cell distribution width (%)
• Blood analysis- part 17 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: mean corpuscular volume (femtoliter)
• Blood analysis- part 18 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: mean corpuscular hemoglobin (picogram)
• Blood analysis- part 19 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (g/dL), albumin (g/dL)
• Blood analysis- part 20 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: creatinine (mg/dL), bilirubin (mg/dL), blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)
• Blood analysis- part 21 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h)
• Blood analysis- part 22 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: alanine aminotransferase (U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
• Blood analysis- part 23 — Before (10 minutes) and after (3 minutes) the first and last training.The training will last 4 weeks and will consist of 12 workouts
  Blood biochemistry: ferritin (ng/mL)
• Bone mass- part 1 — 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
  To identify quantitative indicators of bone mass, a densitometric study will be performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Selected quantitative indicators of bone mass will be measured: bone mineral density (g/cm\^2).
• Bone mass- part 2 — 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
  To identify quantitative indicators of bone mass, a densitometric study will be performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Selected quantitative indicators of bone mass will be measured: T-score (no unit).
• Bone mass- part 3 — 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
  To identify quantitative indicators of bone mass, a densitometric study will be performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Selected quantitative indicators of bone mass will be measured: Z-score (no unit).
• Bone mass- part 4 — 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
  To identify quantitative indicators of bone mass, a densitometric study will be performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Selected quantitative indicators of bone mass will be measured: relative skeletal-muscular index (kg/m\^2).
• Somatic indicators- part 1 — 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
  A densitometry study using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) will be conducted to determine body composition: lean body mass (kg).
• Somatic indicators- part 2 — 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks.
  A densitometry study using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) will be conducted to determine body composition: percentage of body fat (%).
• Somatic indicators- part 3 — 1 day before and 1 day after the training program. Training will last 4 weeks
  A densitometry study using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) will be conducted to determine body composition: fat mass (kg).

Trial sites (2)

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