EFFECT OF WIM HOF BREATHING EXERCISE ON VENTILATORY FUNCTIONS IN SMOKERS

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

1 ) Wim Hof Breathing Exercise: 1. Subjects will be asked to breathe deeply for an average of 20-30 breaths then exhale, (deep rapid inhalations and relaxed expirations) 2. Hold their breath in an unforced manner for one minute or longer until they feel the urge to breathe (retention phase). (For safety, they were instructed not to hold their breath longer than 3.5 min). 3. Take deep inhalation breath and hold again for 15 seconds (recovery breath). 4. This procedure was repeated a total of three times. 5. After the last cycle, subjects were instructed to return to their natural rhythm of breathing and remain lying down without moving to relax for five minutes. 6. Done every day in the morning or at least three hours postprandial for four weeks. (Marko et al., 2022)

2) Aerobic exercises: Aerobic exercises were performed by walking on the treadmill for 30 minutes a day (5 days/week) and at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity at 60-75% of the maximum heart rate (HR) for four weeks. Maximum heart rate is taken from 220 - to age. Both the warm-up and cool-down were performed for five minutes. Each session concluded with stretching the calf, hamstring, quadriceps, gluteus, back, neck, and shoulder muscles (Acar et al., 2024; Shandu et al., 2023a)

Study summary

Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use worldwide, but other tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, roll-your-own, pipes, and various smokeless tobacco products are also damaging. Most harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke target metals or carbonyls generated by the thermal decomposition of carrier liquids such as propylene glycol, which is one of the main ingredients in the liquid used in electronic cigarettes, where it serves as both the carrier for nicotine and cannabinoids and the means of producing vapor which resemble smoke. This new tobacco product was made of milder sorts of tobacco, the smoke could be inhaled, and it was more damaging.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• 1) Ventilatory Functions — four weeks
  for measuring FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1(forced expiratory volume in first second), FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in first second /forced vital capacity ratio) and PEF (peak expiratory flow).

Trial sites (1)

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