Copper to Zinc Ratio in End Stage Renal Disease Patients Outcome

Inclusion Criteria: * ESRD patients including those on maintenance HD Exclusion Criteria: * Acute kidney injury or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, acute infections or active inflammatory conditions as sepsis and autoimmune diseases, liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class B or C), gastrointestinal disorders as inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption, history of organ transplantation excluding kidney transplantation who may be included in a separate analysis if sufficient numbers are recruited, receiving total parenteral nutrition, Cu or Zn metabolism disorders as Wilson's disease, vitamin complex supplementation or antioxidants within the past 6 months, recent hospitalization within the past 3 months, recent surgery within 3 months, recent blood transfusion \< 3 months, Pregnancy or lactation, Malignancy.