Human Albumin Combined With Plasma Exchange for Frailty Intervention

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Plasma Exchange: Plasma exchange procedure, target exchange volume 50±5 mL/kg per session, flow rate 40-60 mL/min, administered once monthly for 6 cycles.

5% human albumin: Equal-volume 5% human albumin solution used as replacement fluid during plasma exchange.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): IVIg administered at a fixed dose of 2.5 g per subject, infused immediately after each plasma exchange session.

Study summary

Background Frailty is an age-related syndrome characterized by reduced physiological reserve, decreased stress tolerance and multisystem functional decline in the elderly, which markedly increases the risks of falls, hospitalization, functional impairment and all-cause mortality. Chronic low-grade inflammation, immune senescence, oxidative stress and abnormal protein modification are key mechanisms underlying the development and progression of frailty. Current mainstream interventions including nutritional support and physical exercise yield limited efficacy for moderate to severe frailty, and targeted therapies against biological aging mechanisms are still lacking.Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of plasma exchange combined with human albumin (ALB), with or without intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), in the treatment of frailty, and to preliminarily explore the potential mechanisms of the combined therapy.Methods This is a prospective, randomized, exploratory clinical trial. A total of 34 participants with a FRAIL scale score ≥ 1 will be enrolled and randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio into two groups, with 17 cases in each group: the plasma exchange plus ALB group and the plasma exchange plus ALB plus IVIg group. The study consists of a screening phase, a 5-month treatment phase with six intervention sessions, and follow-up visits at 1, 3 and 6 months after the final treatment. Frailty status, physical function, laboratory parameters, inflammatory levels and albumin modification will be dynamically assessed throughout the trial, and adverse events will be recorded.Results The trial has not yet been initiated. It is expected that the within-group and between-group comparisons will clarify the therapeutic effects and long-term stability of the two regimens, as well as their safety profiles. Changes in biomarkers will help illustrate the potential molecular mechanisms of plasma purification combined with functional protein supplementation for frailty.Conclusion Plasma exchange combined with ALB (with or without IVIg) can exert multi-target intervention on frailty by eliminating aging-related toxic factors and restoring plasma and immune homeostasis. The findings of this study will provide preliminary clinical evidence and theoretical basis for novel biological therapeutic strategies for frailty.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Efficacy rate of frailty intervention at 1 month after the last treatment — 1 month after the last treatment
  Calculation formula: \[(Baseline score - Follow-up score at 1 month after the last treatment) / Baseline score\] × 100%. This rate represents the degree of improvement in patients' frailty status following intervention.

Trial sites (1)

More Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China trials in China

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