T2AIR: Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Biologics Targeting Type 2 Inflammation in Asthma and COPD

NCT07823842 · tracked via the Priya Life Science China tracker

Sponsor

Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China

Phase

Observational

Started

2026-07-30

Last updated

2026-09-16

Condition(s) studied

AsthmaCOPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Biologics targeting Type 2 inflammationPatients with asthma and copd who received standard of care

Biologics targeting Type 2 inflammation: Biologics targeting Type 2 inflammation, including Omalizumab (anti-IgE monoclonal antibody), Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody), Benralizumab (anti-IL-5Rα monoclonal antibody), Dupilumab (anti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody, blocking IL-4/IL-13 signaling), Tezepelumab (anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody, effective in both T2-high and T2-low phenotypes), Depemokimab (ultra-long-acting anti-IL-5 Fc-fusion protein enabling twice-yearly dosing)

Patients with asthma and copd who received standard of care: Patients with asthma and copd who received standard of care as recommended by relevant guidelines

Study summary

This prospective, real-world observational study (T2AIR Study) evaluates the long-term efficacy and safety of six biologics targeting Type 2 inflammation - omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, tezepelumab, and depemokimab - in patients with chronic airway diseases, including asthma and COPD under routine clinical practice in China.

The primary objective is to determine the annualized exacerbation rate (AER) over 12 months of treatment. Secondary objectives include time to first exacerbation, frequency of severe exacerbations, improvements in symptom control and quality of life (using disease-specific questionnaires), lung function (FEV₁, FVC), airway inflammatory biomarkers (FeNO, blood eosinophils, serum IgE), oral corticosteroid (OCS) sparing effect in asthma patients, and treatment persistence.

Safety outcomes will assess the incidence, types, and severity of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Exploratory endpoints include high-resolution CT (HRCT)-based imaging markers of airway remodeling and the development of deep learning-based multimodal predictive models integrating clinical, biomarker, and radiomics data to support personalized treatment. Additionally, blood, sputum, and urine samples will be collected for translational research to explore underlying mechanisms and predictors of biologic response.

This study aims to generate robust real-world evidence on the effectiveness and safety of Type 2-targeted biologics across the broad spectrum of chronic airway diseases in a diverse Chinese patient population.

Eligibility

Sex

ALL

Min age

18 Years

Max age

—

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria Subjects must meet all of the following criteria: 1\. Age ≥ 18 years; 2. Confirmed diagnosis of at least one of the following chronic airway diseases: 1. Asthma: Diagnosed according to the 2025 GINA guidelines, with typical variable respiratory symptoms (wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or cough) and objective evidence of variable expiratory airflow limitation (positive bronchodilator reversibility test, positive bronchial provocation test, average daily PEF variability \>10%, improvement in lung function after ICS treatment, or significant variability in lung function between two visits). 2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Diagnosed according to the 2026 GOLD guidelines, with symptoms of dyspnea, chronic cough, or sputum production, and/or history of exposure to risk factors, and post-bronchodilator FEV₁/FVC \< 70%. 3\. Meets clinical indications for biologic therapy as judged by a respiratory or allergy specialist according to current guidelines: 1. Asthma: Poor control despite optimized high-dose ICS-LABA therapy, presence of allergic or eosinophilic inflammatory biomarkers, or severe/refractory disease requiring maintenance oral corticosteroids (OCS). 2. COPD: Frequent exacerbations despite triple inhaled therapy (ICS + LABA + LAMA), with blood eosinophil count (EOS) ≥ 300/μL and chronic bronchitis phenotype. 4\. The treating respiratory or allergy specialist has decided to initiate or switch to one of the following approved biologics targeting Type 2 inflammation, based on 2025 GINA and 2026 GOLD guidelines: omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, tezepelumab, or depemokimab (tezepelumab may be used in both Type 2 and non-Type 2 inflammation). 5\. Able and willing to provide written informed consent and commit to at least 12 months of follow-up. Exclusion Criteria Subjects will be excluded if they meet any of the following criteria: 1. Presence of severe or uncontrolled pulmonary or systemic diseases (e.g., active malignancy, autoimmune disease) or active infectious respiratory diseases (e.g., active pulmonary tuberculosis or infectious pneumonia); 2. Pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy during the study period; 3. Known history of hypersensitivity or allergy to any component of the planned biologic agent; 4. Expected life expectancy less than 12 months; 5. Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, makes the subject unsuitable for participation (e.g., poor compliance or inability to complete follow-up).

Primary outcome measure(s)

Annual rate of protocol-defined exacerbations of chronic airway disease over 12 months — 12 months
Number of protocol-defined exacerbations per participant-year during the 12-month follow-up. An exacerbation is defined according to the disease-specific international criteria applicable to the participant's primary diagnosis: GINA 2026 for asthma; GOLD 2026 for COPD; ERS 2025 for bronchiectasis; and ERS 2024 for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Events are ascertained from participant report, medical records, and investigator assessment at scheduled and unscheduled visits.

Trial sites (1)

Facility	City	Region	Status
Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital	Shanghai	Shanghai Municipality	Recruiting

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Official registry record

This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.

View NCT07823842 on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ ← All trials in China