The goal of this observational study is to learn about the use of non-invasive ventilation for treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children with Down Syndrome. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* What is the impact of non-invasive ventilation on sleep behaviours and quality of life?
* What barriers are faced by children and their families in establishing tolerance to non-invasive ventilation?
Participants will be asked to complete questionnaires before and after starting treatment. Researchers will compare this data with the results of sleep studies and non-invasive ventilator downloads recorded as part of standard medical care. A sub-group of up to 20 participants will be invited to take part in 45-60 minute interviews exploring expectations, experiences and barriers encountered during non-invasive ventilation therapy.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
6 Months
Max age
16 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of Down Syndrome where a clinical decision has been made to initiate respiratory support with non-invasive ventilation.
* Obstructive Apnoea Hypopnoea Index \> 2 episodes/hour or where sleep disordered breathing symptoms occur in combination with an Apnoea Hypopnoea Index \> 1 episode/hr. - English language proficiency.
* Age ≥ 4 months at the commencement of therapy.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Individuals not willing to comply with study procedures or assessments.
* Individuals for whom ventilatory support devices are already prescribed and those with artificial airways.
* Individuals on clinical trials of investigational support therapies.
Primary outcome measure(s)
To determine the effect of treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome with non-invasive ventilation on quality of life in children with Down Syndrome > 3 years. — Prior to and following 8 weeks attempted initiation of non-invasive ventilation treatment Change in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea - 18 scores (Range 0- 126, Higher scores indicating worse quality of life) from baseline will be used to evaluate for improvement in sleep related breathing specific quality of life in children \>3 years. Sleep disturbance, physical suffering, emotional distress, daytime problems and caregiver concern subscales will also be evaluated for change.
To determine the effect of treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome with non-invasive ventilation on quality of life in children with Down Syndrome < 3 years. — Prior to and following 8 weeks attempted initiation of non-invasive ventilation treatment Change in Infant Toddler Quality of Life - Short Form 47 scores (Range 0 - 100, Higher scores indicating greater quality of life) from baseline will be used to evaluate for improvement in sleep related breathing specific quality of life in children \< 3 years. Infant and parent subscales will also be evaluated for change.
To determine the effect of treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome with non-invasive ventilation on caregiver concerns regarding sleep disordered breathing for caregivers of children with Down Syndrome < 3 years. — Prior to and following 8 weeks attempted initiation of non-invasive ventilation treatment Change in Caregiver-concern domain of the Obstructive Sleep Apnoea - 18 (Range 0 - 28, Higher scores indicating worse quality of life) from baseline will be used to evaluate for change in caregiver concern regarding sleep disordered breathing.
To determine the effect of treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea with non-invasive ventilation on sleep behaviours in children with Down Syndrome > 3 years. — Prior to and following 8 weeks attempted initiation of non-invasive ventilation treatment Change in Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire scores (Range 0 - 97, Higher scores indicating greater sleeping difficulties) from baseline will be used to evaluate for overall improvement in sleep behaviours in children \> 3 years. Bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night waking, parasomnia, sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness subscales will also be evaluated for change.
To determine the effect of treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea with non-invasive ventilation on sleep behaviours in children with Down Syndrome < 3 years. — Prior to and following 8 weeks attempted initiation of non-invasive ventilation treatment Change in Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire scores (Range 0 - 100, Lower scores indicating greater sleeping difficulties) from baseline will be used to evaluate for overall improvement in sleep behaviours in children \< 3 years. Infant sleep, parent perception and parent behaviour subscales will also be evaluated for change.
To establish the specific barriers to adherence faced by children > 3 years with Down Syndrome and their caregivers when starting non-invasive ventilation for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome — Prior to and following 8 weeks attempted initiation of non-invasive ventilation treatment Quantitative assessment of barriers encountered in establishing adherence will be evaluated using the Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Questionnaire (Range 29-145, Higher scores indicating greater barriers to adherence) for children \> 3 years. Behaviours/belief/environment, emotional and physical subscales will also be evaluated for change.
To establish the specific barriers to adherence faced by children < 3 years with Down Syndrome and their caregivers when starting non-invasive ventilation for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome — Prior to and following 8 weeks attempted initiation of non-invasive ventilation treatment Quantitative assessment of barriers encountered in establishing adherence will be evaluated using the Modified Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Questionnaire (Range 27 - 135, Higher scores indicating greater barriers to adherence) for children \< 3 years. This is a non-validated questionnaire developed by our research group.
Assessment of expectations, experiences and barriers experienced by families in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome with non-invasive ventilation — After 8 weeks of attempted initiation of non-invasive ventilation Qualitative assessment of expectations, experiences and barriers experienced during non-invasive ventilation treatment will be explored through semi-structured interviews to add nuance to the outcomes around efficacy of treatment, quality of life, behaviour, and treatment adherence
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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