ANAKINRA IN THE TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC ACUTE MYOCARDITIS

Inclusion Criteria: * Children from ≥ 3 months to \< 18 years of age * Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for acute myocarditis defined as : - a reduced left ventricle ejection fraction below 50% and - troponin T rise (\>1.5x normal range), Signed informed consent by legal representative and patient according to the legislation. Exclusion Criteria: * Children weighing less than 5 Kgs * Known anterior cardiomyopathy or operated cardiopathy * Neutropenia (\< 1,5 × 10\^9 /L). * Known hypersensitivity to Anakinra or any of its excipients (citric acid anhydrous, sodium chloride, disodium EDTA dihydrate, polysorbate 80, E. coli derived proteins) * Administration of a live vaccine in the 4 weeks prior to inclusion * Hepatitis B infection, defined as positive HBsAg and/or detectable HBV DNA (PCR). Patients with increased risk of Tuberculosis (TB) infection * Recent tuberculosis infection or with active TB * Close contact with a patient with TB * Patients recently arrived less than 3 months from a country with high prevalence of TB * A chest radiograph suggestive of TB * Patients with overt concomitant bacterial infection * Patients previously treated with another biotherapy * Patients with any type of immunodeficiency or cancer * Anti TNF-α within the past 14 days * Malignancy or history of malignancy or any comorbidity limiting survival or conditions predicting inability to complete the study Ongoing or recent use of any other medication Known inhibitors/inducers of cytochrome P450 * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * No affiliation to the Social Security * Current enrollment in another clinical trial * Inability of the legal representative (and the patient, when applicable) to understand the national language (French)