A Phase II Study of ALT001 in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Participants or their guardians must be able to understand the procedures and methods of this study, communicate adequately with the investigator, be willing to strictly comply with the clinical trial protocol to complete the study, and voluntarily sign a written informed consent form, or have informed consent signed by a legally authorized representative. 2. Age 18 to 75 years (inclusive of both boundaries), of either sex. 3. Diagnosis of definite or probable ALS according to the revised El Escorial criteria of the World Federation of Neurology for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, including both familial and sporadic ALS patients. 4. Forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ 50% of predicted at the screening visit. 5. Total ALSFRS-R score ≥ 30 and ≤ 40 prior to enrollment. 6. If receiving riluzole or edaravone treatment before enrollment, participants must have been on a stable dose for ≥ 30 days prior to Day 1 of this study, and must maintain that dose until the final study visit. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Have other known diseases associated with motor neuron dysfunction that may confound or obscure the diagnosis of ALS. 2. History of alcohol dependence or drug abuse within 6 months prior to screening, judged by the investigator to be unsuitable for participation in this study. 3. Apparent cognitive impairment (MMSE scale: ≤19 for the illiterate group, ≤22 for the primary school group, and ≤26 for the junior high school and above group \[\>8 years of education\]), or other unstable psychiatric disorders that the investigator considers unsuitable for participation (including suicidal intent, untreated major depression, etc.). 4. Continuous use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), diaphragm pacing system, or invasive ventilation (tracheostomy) at screening. 5. Severe autoimmune diseases, myeloproliferative disorders, leukemia or lymphoma, malignant tumors, fractures, or severe scoliosis at screening, which the investigator considers would affect study evaluation. 6. Other severe and/or uncontrolled major organ or unstable systemic diseases, including but not limited to uncontrolled diabetes, unstable angina, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack (within 6 months prior to screening), myocardial infarction (within 6 months prior to screening), severe congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled active infection, severe hepatic, renal or other severe metabolic diseases, or severe gastrointestinal diseases. 7. Positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with HBV-DNA \> upper limit of normal (if HBsAg is negative, HBV-DNA testing is not required); positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody with HCV-RNA \> upper limit of normal (if anti-HCV is negative, HCV-RNA testing is not required); positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody; or positive Treponema pallidum test. 8. Pregnant or lactating women, and those planning to conceive during the medication period or within 3 months after stopping the medication. 9. Participated in another interventional clinical study within 4 weeks prior to this study; received stem cell or exosome therapy within 1 year, or previously received ASO drug treatment or gene therapy. 10. Judged by the investigator to be unsuitable for participation in this study (e.g., significantly clinically significant abnormalities in physical examination or laboratory tests).