surgery: patients undergo conventional/open thyroidectomy or endoscopic thyroidectomy for large benign thyroid nodules
staged thermal ablation: patients undergo multiple sessions of thermal ablation for large benign thyroid nodules
Study summary
To compare the safety, efficacy and quality of life between staged thermal ablation and thyroidectomy in the treatment of Large benign thyroid nodules.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* benign thyroid nodules confirmed by surgical pathology in surgery group, and by two separate US-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB) in thermal ablation group;
* the largest diameter of the nodule ≥4 cm;
* the presence of nodule-related symptoms, cosmetic concerns, or psychological stress;
* patients treated with surgery, or staged thermal ablation (who explicitly refused surgery);
* more than 12-month follow-up duration
Exclusion Criteria:
* suspicion of malignant nodule on ultrasound findings (e.g., marked hypoechoic, microcalcifications, or ill-defined margins);
* comorbidities of other severe diseases;
* without complete treatment and/or follow-up information
Primary outcome measure(s)
volume reduction ratio — From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 months The volume reduction ratio(VRR) = \[(preoperative volume - volume at the follow-up point)/preoperative volume\] × 100%. The volumes of the nodules were calculated using the following equation: V=π/6 a×b×c (where V is the volume, a is the maximum diameter, b and c are the other two perpendicular diameters).
Complications — From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 months Complications related to thermal ablation or thyroidectomy during treatment procedures, at the hospital stay and follow-ups.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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