Evaluation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokine Profiles in Children and Young Adults With Gingivitis

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarker Assessment: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples will be collected from a standardized tooth (#31) using sterile absorbent paper strips (Periopaper®). Samples will be obtained after isolation and drying of the sampling site to avoid saliva contamination. Each strip will be placed gently in the gingival sulcus until mild resistance is felt and maintained for 30 seconds. Collected samples will be immediately stored at -80°C until laboratory analysis. Levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and MMP-8 will be quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits according to manufacturer instructions. This procedure is non-invasive and performed for diagnostic and comparative biomarker analysis purposes only.

Study summary

This prospective observational case-control study aims to compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarker profiles between children and young adults diagnosed with gingivitis. A total of approximately 80 systemically healthy participants will be recruited and divided into two groups: children aged 8-12 years and young adults aged 15-24 years. Individuals aged 13-14 years will be excluded as they represent a transitional pubertal period characterized by significant hormonal fluctuations that may influence inflammatory responses and confound biomarker levels.

Clinical periodontal parameters including gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing depth will be recorded. In addition, GCF samples will be collected from a standardized tooth and analyzed for levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and MMP-8 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The primary objective of the study is to evaluate and compare inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles between the two age groups. The findings may contribute to understanding age-related differences in gingival inflammatory responses and the potential role of hormonal transition in periodontal disease expression during childhood and early adulthood.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Gingival crevicular fluid TNF-α levels — Baseline
• Gingival crevicular fluid IL-1β levels — Baseline
• Gingival crevicular fluid IL-10 levels — Baseline
• Gingival crevicular fluid MMP-8 levels — Baseline

Trial sites (1)

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