Augmented Feedback Effects on Shoulder Rotator Performance

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Augmented Feedback: Augmented feedback is a term used to describe information about the performance of a skill provided from an external source. When this information is presented quantitatively, it is referred to as Knowledge of results (e.g., movement velocity, jump height, or peak force). Knowledge of results, which is a critical component of performance improvement, is delivered to athletes through professional coaching staff as well as advanced technological applications. Accordingly, research in this area has focused on the pivotal role of real-time data flow and feedback in optimizing performance.

Study summary

The existing literature demonstrates that motor learning strategies are effective in enhancing sports performance. One of these strategies, augmented feedback, is widely used in athletic training to help athletes achieve their goals more effectively, support the learning process, and motivate improvements in performance. Although studies in the literature have demonstrated the positive effects of augmented feedback provided during training on performance, no study has been found that examines the acute effects of such feedback on peak force and rate of force development during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of outcome feedback on isometric peak force and rate of force development during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles, as well as the short-term retention of these effects. It is expected that augmented feedback on isometric peak force and rate of force development, provided during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles, will have both acute and short-term retention effects on strength parameters. Healthy and physically active individuals will participate in isometric strength training targeting the dominant side shoulder internal and external rotator muscles across two separate sessions. Within a randomized crossover design, all participants will perform the isometric training program under two different conditions: with augmented feedback and without augmented feedback. The order of the conditions will be determined using a computer-based randomization program.To minimize potential learning effects, a washout period of 5-7 days will be provided between the two training conditions. Testing and training protocols will be conducted using an isometric dynamometer (ForceFrame, VALD Performance, Australia). The reported intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the ForceFrame dynamometer for shoulder strength measurements range between 0.85 and 0.91, indicating good to excellent test-retest reliability. All testing and training procedures will be performed in accordance with the standard testing positions recommended by the manufacturer.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Peak Force — Within the same intervention day: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 15 minutes post-intervention
  Peak force refers to the maximum force generated by the shoulder internal or external rotator muscles during a single maximal isometric contraction.
• Rate of Force Development — Within the same intervention day: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 15 minutes post-intervention
  Rate of Force Development efers to the speed at which force is generated by the shoulder internal or external rotator muscles during a maximal isometric contraction.

Trial sites (1)

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