Hologram Burn Dressing on Pain, Anxiety, Fear, Patient Satisfaction, and Physiological Parameters

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Showing videos with holograms: The intervention in this study is the use of a three-dimensional hologram video as a distraction method during burn dressing procedures. Unlike conventional video or virtual reality (VR) applications, the hologram projects interactive 3D images into real space without requiring headsets or wearable devices. Patients can visually perceive the holographic content directly in front of them, allowing natural interaction and immersion. This feature provides a stronger distraction effect by engaging the patient's attention with vivid and dynamic images during the painful procedure. Thus, the hologram differs from standard video watching by offering an immersive, spatial, and realistic experience that does not restrict movement or require equipment contact with the burned area.

Study summary

Burn injuries are a significant global health problem, leading to serious physical, psychological, and social challenges for affected individuals. The literature emphasizes that dressing changes are among the most painful and anxiety-provoking procedures, negatively impacting treatment adherence and patient well-being. Although pharmacological methods are used to alleviate pain and anxiety, they are often insufficient due to potential side effects and addiction risks.

In recent years, advancements in digital technologies-particularly virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and hologram applications-have offered promising distraction-based approaches. Hologram technology, through three-dimensional and interactive visuals, can divert the patient's attention from traumatic stimuli, thereby reducing pain, anxiety, and fear in an innovative way. However, there is limited scientific evidence regarding the use of hologram applications during burn dressing changes.

This study aims to examine the effects of hologram applications on pain, anxiety, fear, patient satisfaction, and physiological parameters during burn dressing procedures. The research will be conducted at Erzurum City Hospital Burn Center, with a total of 70 patients assigned to experimental and control groups using simple randomization. Data collection tools will include the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale, satisfaction and fear VAS assessments, and physiological parameter recording forms. The study will be carried out between November 2025 and May 2026. The results are expected to provide evidence-based insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of hologram technology as a non-pharmacological, innovative intervention in burn care.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Pain intensity during burn dressing procedure — Immediately after the first and second dressing procedures (approximately 15-30 minutes each).
  Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10, where \*\*0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "the worst possible pain." Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
• State-Trait anxiety level — Immediately after the first and second dressing changes.
  State anxiety will be assessed using the State subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). The scale ranges from 20 to 80 points, where higher scores indicate greater anxiety levels, and lower scores indicate reduced anxiety.
• Burn-specific pain-related anxiety — Immediately after the first and second dressing procedures.
  Burn-specific pain-related anxiety will be assessed using the Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS). The scale ranges from 0 to 4 for each item, with a total score range of 0-64. Higher scores indicate greater levels of pain-related anxiety associated with burn procedures, while lower scores indicate reduced anxiety.
• Fear level — Immediately after the first and second dressing procedures.
  Fear will be assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for Fear, ranging from 0 to 10, where \*\*0 indicates "no fear" and 10 indicates "the highest possible fear." Higher scores indicate greater fear intensity.
• Patient satisfaction — Immediately after the first and second dressing procedures.
  Patient satisfaction will be evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for Satisfaction, ranging from 0 to 10, where \*\*0 indicates "no satisfaction" and 10 indicates "maximum satisfaction." Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with the dressing procedure.
• Physiological parameter: Heart rate — Within each of the first and second dressing sessions (approximately 15-30 minutes).
  Heart rate will be measured using a standard patient monitor and recorded before, during, and immediately after each dressing procedure. Heart rate will be reported in beats per minute (bpm), where higher values indicate increased physiological stress, and lower values indicate reduced stress response.
• Physiological parameter: Oxygen saturation — Within each of the first and second dressing sessions (approximately 15-30 minutes).
  Oxygen saturation will be measured using a standard patient monitor and reported as percentage (%) of oxygenated hemoglobin (SpO₂). Lower values may indicate higher physiological stress or discomfort, whereas higher values indicate better physiological stability.

Trial sites (1)

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