BFR-CYC 50% peak / 50% AOP (exhaustive): BFR-CYC: Continuous cycling at 50% peak work rate (PWR) with bilateral thigh cuffs inflated to 50% limb occlusion pressure (LOP). A maximum duration of 30 minutes is applied as a safety limit.
BFR-CYC 3x2min: BFR-CYC: Three intervals of 2 minutes at 50% PWR, separated by 1-minute recovery periods, with bilateral thigh cuffs inflated to 50% LOP during exercise intervals.
BFR Resistance 80% LOP: BFR-RE: Unilateral right-leg press at 40% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) with cuffs inflated to 80% LOP. Protocol: 4 sets (30-15-15-15 repetitions).
BFR REsistance 48% vs. 80% LOP: * BFR at 40% LOP
* BFR at 80% LOP All sessions will be conducted on a leg press device under standardized laboratory conditions. Pneumatic cuffs will be applied to the proximal thigh of the right leg.
Participants will perform unilateral right-leg press exercise at 40% 1RM using a standardized protocol of 4 sets (30-15-15-15 repetitions) with fixed rest intervals. The protocol will be completed as prescribed (not to volitional exhaustion) unless predefined safety criteria require early termination.
Study summary
The investigators hypothesize that BFR exercise regimens result in a different acute cardiorespiratory response pattern compared to traditional exercise regimens. Furthermore, the investigators hypothesize that these patterns differ between healthy participants and participants with COPD.
Regarding secondary objective, the investigators hypothesize that BFR results in lower blood pressure responses compared to traditional exercise training in both healthy and COPD participants.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
90 Years
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
Inclusion and exclusion for the healthy participants are defined by the following criteria.
Inclusion criteria:
* Age ≥ 18 years
* Clinically healthy
Exclusion criteria:
* Physical or intellectual impairment precluding informed consent or protocol adherence
* Non-German speaking (precluding informed consent)
* Pain during exercise of any origin
* Pregnancy
* History of thromboembolic event in the lower extremity
* Resting systolic blood pressure \<100 mmHg
Inclusion and exclusion for the COPD participants are defined by the following criteria.
Inclusion criteria:
* Age ≥ 18 years
* Diagnosed COPD according to GOLD-guidelines12
Exclusion criteria:
* Physical or intellectual impairment precluding informed consent or protocol adherence
* Non-German speaking (precluding informed consent)
* Acute or recent (within the last 6 weeks) exacerbation of COPD
* Pain during exercise of any origin
* Pregnancy
* History of thromboembolic event in the lower extremity
* Resting systolic blood pressure \<100 mmHg
Primary outcome measure(s)
Endurance Exercise:(Fixed-Duration Protocol): — Continuously during exercise and at end of exercise, with recovery measurements obtained within 4 minutes post-exercise Minute ventilation (VE) will be continuously assessed during cycling exercise across all conditions to evaluate ventilatory demand.
Resistance Exercise - Healthy Participants (LOP Comparison Arm): Within-subject difference change in Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC) — Pre-exercise and immediately post-exercise (within minutes after completion of the exercise protocol) Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors will be assessed before and immediately after unilateral leg press exercise performed with blood flow restriction at 40% and 80% limb occlusion pressure (LOP). MVC will be measured using an isometric setup, and voluntary activation will be evaluated using the twitch interpolation technique with supramaximal electrical stimulation. The primary outcome is the change in MVC from pre- to post-exercise, reflecting exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue.
Endurance Exercise - COPD Participants (Exhaustive Protocol): Within-subject difference in maximal minute ventilation (VE) between BFR and traditional exercise regimens — Continuously during exercise, at end of exercise (peak value), and within 4 minutes post-exercise Minute ventilation (VE) will be continuously assessed during cycling exercise across all conditions to evaluate ventilatory demand and response.
Resistance Exercise:(Healthy and COPD): Ventilatory Response (Ventilation, VE) — Continuously during exercise and at end of exercise, with recovery measurements obtained within 4 minutes post-exercise Minute ventilation (VE) will be continuously assessed during cycling exercise across all conditions to evaluate ventilatory demand.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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