Effects of a Community-based Multicomponent Physical Exercise Program on Physical Function, Frailty, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults From the Municipality of Santoña: a Quasi-experimental Study.

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Multicomponent Exercise Program (Vivifrail-based): A 36-week community-based multicomponent exercise program addressing strength, balance, endurance, and flexibility, structured according to the Vivifrail FITT-VP model. Sessions are delivered by qualified exercise professionals as part of the Santoña Town Council's existing public health services, independently of this study.

Study summary

This study evaluates the effects of a community-based multicomponent exercise program on physical function, frailty, and sarcopenia in older adults living in the municipality of Santoña (Cantabria, Spain). The exercise program is organized and delivered by the Santoña Town Council as part of its public health services for older residents and is not created for research purposes; it will continue regardless of the outcome of this study. Researchers are only evaluating participants who voluntarily agree to be assessed before and after each 36-week cycle of the program, over four consecutive academic years (2026-2030). The main question this study aims to answer is whether continued participation in this real-world, community-based multicomponent exercise program (based on the Vivifrail model) leads to meaningful improvements in physical function, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory capacity, and helps reverse indicators of frailty and sarcopenia in independent, community-dwelling older adults. Participants will complete functional and physical tests, including balance, gait speed, chair-stand performance, handgrip strength, and a 6-minute walk test, at the start and end of each 36-week exercise cycle. No blood or biological samples will be collected.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score — Baseline (week 0) and post-intervention (week 36), for each of the four annual cohorts (2026-2030)
  Composite score assessing lower-extremity physical function through three components - standing balance, 4-meter gait speed, and time to complete five repeated chair stands. Total score ranges from 0 to 12, with lower scores indicating greater physical frailty.

Trial sites (1)

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