Current diagnostic methods for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mostly depend on pulmonary function tests, especially spirometry. While spirometry is a foundational tool, its diagnostic accuracy is often limited by the patient's ability to perform forceful breathing maneuvers, as well as technical and reproducibility challenges, and the need for proper equipment and training. These constraints can compromise effective diagnosis of asthma and COPD in primary care settings. Prompt and accurate diagnosis by primary care physicians is essential for better patient outcomes. Although variable airflow limitation often measured as a change in FEV1 after bronchodilator is a hallmark of asthma, inconsistencies in test quality and reversibility criteria create challenges in distinguishing asthma from COPD. These complexities highlight the need for alternative diagnostic tools beyond traditional spirometry.
This observational study is designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and technical feasibility of using oscillometry and FeNO testing in primary care for suspected asthma and COPD, compared to conventional specialist-based diagnostics. The study will be conducted across 7 countries in the MEA, Asia, and Latin America, with two hospital sites per country. Primary care physicians will be trained in oscillometry and FeNO testing using standardized protocols and tools such as the Ambulatory Lung Diagnosis System following GINA and GOLD guidelines. Eligible patients will provide consent, complete a history and symptom questionnaire, and undergo primary care-based assessment for a provisional diagnosis. If specialist assessment cannot occur the same day, it will be done within three days. No follow-up visits are planned. Study outcomes will inform the feasibility and accuracy of integrating these methods into routine care, aiming to improve the early and reliable diagnosis of asthma and COPD.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
Patients are eligible to be included in the study if all the following criteria apply and after providing written informed consent:
Suspected asthma (asthma group)
1. Patients ≥ 18 years old or with legal age of consent in the jurisdiction in which the study is taking place, at the time of signing the ICF.
2. Patients presenting with symptoms of wheezing, cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, but without a clinically confirmed diagnosis of asthma.
Suspected COPD (COPD group)
1. Patients ≥ 40 years old at the time of signing the ICF.
2. Patients presenting with symptoms of dyspnea, chronic cough or sputum production, but without a clinically confirmed diagnosis of COPD.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients are excluded from the study if any of the following criteria apply:
1. Prior diagnosis of COPD or asthma.
2. Use of ICS in the last 6 months or use of oral corticosteroids in the last 3 months.
3. Any diseases that influence lung function result such as lung cancer, pneumonia, active pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary embolism, and interstitial lung disease.
4. Any history of recent surgery that affects lung function results, including but not limited to thoracotomy surgery, pneumothorax surgery, and thoracic drainage.
5. Contraindication to spirometry or oscillometry test, or allergy to bronchodilator.
6. Currently pregnant or breast-feeding women.
7. If the investigator judges that the patient is unlikely to comply with study procedures, restrictions, and requirements.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Accuracy of primary care asthma/COPD diagnosis using oscillometry (ALDS: R5, R20, R5-R20, X5, Ax) plus FeNO ≥50 ppb (Fenom PRO®/ALDS Pro) vs specialist gold standard; metrics: Cohen's kappa, agreement, sensitivity, specificity in overall, asthma, COPD — 1 to 3 days Primary care diagnosis uses a diagnostic algorithm combining oscillometry and FeNO. Oscillometry: Ambulatory Lung Diagnosis System (ALDS) parameters-respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz (R5), resistance at 20 Hz (R20), difference R5-R20, reactance at 5 Hz (X5), and area of reactance (Ax). FeNO: measured with Fenom PRO® or ALDS Pro devices, using a diagnostic cut-off of ≥50 ppb.
Specialist care diagnosis is the comparator: Gold Standard Specialist Care Diagnosis established through standard clinical practice, including pulmonary function tests, spirometry, physiological tests, imaging, laboratory tests, and bronchial provocation tests.
Accuracy will be quantified using Cohen's Kappa coefficient, Percentage Agreement, Sensitivity, and Specificity. The analysis will be conducted in the overall population, the asthma group, and the COPD group.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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