LIVER-MIND 2 is a multicentre, observational, retrospective registry coordinated by the SICE HPB and Minimally Invasive Surgery Working Group, enrolling consecutive adults undergoing elective minimally invasive (laparoscopic, robotic or hybrid) liver resection between January 2021 and December 2025 across ≥15 high-volume or dedicated centres (target \>30 centres).
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age ≥ 18 years
* Elective minimally invasive liver resection
* Laparoscopic, robotic or hybrid approach
* Benign or malignant disease
* Signed informed consent for use of anonymised data
* Data completeness ≥ 70% in the CRF
Exclusion Criteria:
* Urgent or emergency surgery
* Liver transplantation (donor / recipient)
* Associated major non-hepatic biliary or vascular resection
* Lack of consent or follow-up
* Participation in conflicting interventional trials
* Surgery before January 2021
* Robotic procedures performed during the learning-curve phase (first 65 robotic cases per centre, per Rahimli et al.)
Primary outcome measure(s)
1. Rate of bleeding according to Post-Hepatectomy Haemorrhage (PHH) by International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) 2. Rate of bile leak according to ISGLS classification in patients with abdominal drainage and/or undergoing percutaneous drainage — January 2021 to December 2025 Our retrospective study aims to assess the association between the adopted parenchymal transection strategy and devices and the incidence of the composite transection-related complication. The analysis will be conduct among pre-specified subgroup: Minor (\<3 segments) vs Major (≥3 segments) vs Complex (segments I, IVa, VII, VIII) stratified by IWATE score (low 0-3, intermediate 4-6, advanced 7-10); Cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A vs B) vs steatosis (grade I-II vs III/NASH) vs healthy parenchyma; High volume (\>50 MILS/year) vs low volume but dedicated (10-50 MILS/year); robotic vs. laparoscopic vs. hybrid approach; Malignant (primary vs secondary) vs benign disease
The main 90-day postoperative outcomes are:
1. rate of significant bleeding according to Post-Hepatectomy Haemorrhage (PHH) by International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS);
2. rate of bile leak according to ISGLS classification;
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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