Showers and Stress

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Positive expectation about the effects of cold and warm showers: Partecipants will be exposed to positive information about the effects of warm and cold showers using a 2x2 factorial design

No expectation regarding the exposure to cold water and/or to warm showers: Partecipants will be exposed neutral information about the effects of warm and cold showers using a 2x2 factorial design

Study summary

The study investigates whether repeated exposure to cold showers can improve the ability to cope with and respond to stress. In particular, it examines both the psychophysiological effects of cold showers and the role of expectations regarding their effectiveness. The research adopts a 2×2 experimental design with approximately 120 healthy adults, randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group, and further divided based on the presence or absence of information emphasizing the potential benefits of the intervention. The experimental group takes warm or lukewarm showers with a final 30-second exposure to cold water at least four times per week, while the control group takes only warm or lukewarm showers. In parallel, some participants receive positive information about the effectiveness of the intervention for stress management, while others receive no specific information. At baseline and at the end of the study, participants complete questionnaires assessing perceived stress, psychological well-being, and quality of life, along with a physiological measure and a cognitive stress task (Stroop test with heart rate monitoring). During the four-week intervention period, participants keep a daily diary recording shower habits and perceived stress levels.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Perceived stress — 4 weeks
  Perceived stress will be assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) to evaluate changes in perceived stress from baseline to the end of the study, including during exposure to the Stroop task. Total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress and therefore a worse outcome.

Trial sites (1)

More Catholic University of the Sacred Heart trials in Italy

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