Virtual Reality Exposure to Reduce Food Related Anxiety in Anorexia Nervosa

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Virtual reality food exposure: Patients in this condition are exposed to a virtual kitchen environment once/day, for 5 consecutive days (from Monday, day 1, to Friday, day 5). Each session lasts 5 minutes. The VR environment was specifically developed by the study team (Natali et al, 2024) and it consists of a kitchen with foods of different calorie contents. Patients are invited to explore the environment; they can freely move, open the cupboards and the fridge, and grab and hold the foods. Participants can choose to interact with one of three versions of the virtual kitchen environment: a) a kitchen alone, b) a kitchen with a virtual pet which participants can interact with (and aimed at inducing positive mood) and c) a kitchen with a compassionate avatar which motivates the participant to face food-related fears.

Virtual Reality Nature Exposure: Patients in this condition complete a session of VR exposure to a natural scenario (from the NatureTreksVR app) for 5 consecutive days (from Monday to Friday), one session/day. Each session lasts 5 minutes. Participants can choose exposure to one of three different natural environments, at the start of each session: a white sand beach ("Blue Ocean"), a snowy mountain ("White Winter"), or a forest in autumn foliage ("Red Fall").

Study summary

Exposure to food stimuli often elicit aversive emotions in patients with anorexia nervosa, which can perpetuate eating-related avoidance. Exposure therapy has been shown to effectively reduce anxiety toward, and avoidance of, feared stimuli in several psychiatric disorders. Digital technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) have been employed to implement exposure therapy in situations where in vivo exposure is unfeasible, challenging, or perceived as threatening by patients. VR has also the potential to be used by individuals repeatedly in their own time and environment, to consolidate new learning. This pilot randomised controlled study evaluates the feasibility and clinical impact of repeated VR exposure to food stimuli in patients with anorexia nervosa attending intensive daycare treatment (treatment as usual, TAU). VR food exposure will be compared to the use of a relaxation-focused VR scenario (natural environment) and a control condition (no use of VR). Patients in all groups will receive TAU.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Change from baseline to end of intervention in meal related anxiety — Measurements at baseline and day 5
  Meal related anxiety is assessed on a Likert scale from 0 (no anxiety) to 10 (extreme anxiety)
• Feasibility of exposure to the virtual reality environments — Following each of five exposure sessions, over a time period of five days
  Percentage of participants who interrupt exposure to the virtual reality environment before completion. Discomfort associated to the virtual reality exposure session, rated at the end of each session on a visual analogue scale (0-100).

Trial sites (1)

More University of Padova trials in Italy

Other trials for the same condition