Pressure Pain Tolerance in Relation to Balance and Strength in Children

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Pressure pain tolerance measurement using Digital Pressure Algometer: Pressure pain tolerance will be measured using pressure algometer for all participants in both groups. Pressure pain tolerance will be measured in a relaxed sitting position to evaluate on quadriceps muscle. Initially, a teddy bear will be used for demonstration.

Balance assessment using HUMAC balance system: HUMAC balance system will be calibrated, then will conduct 1. center of pressure: will instructed child to stand on platform, and maintain own body stability, and focus on the red dot in the center of screen that will move in response to body sway. after a rest, second trial will be done. 2. Eye open/ closed firm surface tests: First for Eye open firm surface test; the child will be asked to look at a target on the wall that was set at his/ her eye level, and to stare at this target for 30 seconds while standing on firm surface. After 5 seconds rest. Eye closed firm surface test; child will be asked to close his/ her eyes for 30 seconds, and conducting the same procedures for balance testing. The researcher will documented the values resented on the screen .

Lower limb muscular strength using Lafayette hand held dynamometer: Lower limb muscular ' Isometric quadriceps strength' will be measured for all participants in both groups. each participating child will be instructed to sit to assess the strength of knee extension, which minimize positional changes, and enhance feasibility of this clinical test. then The researcher will apply resistance to child's quadriceps to gain maximal voluntary isometric contraction with pressing the activated Lafayette hand held dynamometer padded stirrup against quadriceps belly, then recorded and documented measured value.

Study summary

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most frequent life-threatening genetic hemoglobinopathy in the world and occurs due to the synthesis of abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS).Cells with sickle cell hemoglobin are stiff and sticky. When they lose their oxygen, they form into the shape of a sickle or crescent. This can cause pain and tissue damage. Significant decrease in exercise capacity was seen in sickle cell anemic children. In the absence of a guidelines that can guide the prescription of exercise in SCD children. This study is a step for determine the forms of prescription of pain on the balance and muscle strength to build up in future studies a safety of physical exercises for children with sickle cell anemia and improve their functional abilities.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Pressure pain tolerance — Baseline of the study.
  Pressure pain tolerance measured via digital pressure algometer. It determines the pressure amount could be tolerated over quadriceps. This will represented chronic pain among Sickle cell anemia children in order to aid in diagnosis of hyperalgesia thus provide insight into their management strategies. Digital pressure algometer determines enables the rater to quantify the mechanical sensitivity to pain and the recovery of underlying problems or soreness levels in a semi-objective manner.
• Balance assessment — Baseline of the study.
  Balance assessed via HUMAC balance system to define musculoskeletal involvement in sickle cell anemia children. HUMAC balance system is an electronic balance board connected with laptop running HUMAC balance system software.
• Lower limb muscle strength — Baseline of the study.
  Lower limb muscle (Quadriceps) strength evaluated via Lafayette hand held dynamometer to evaluate voluntary isometric contraction. Hand held dynamometer has a good to excellent reliability and validity mainly for proximal musculatures.

Trial sites (1)

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