Cardiac Rehabilitation and Coronary Artery Disease

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Exercise training: The multimodal supervised exercise program will include aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises. The training program will last 12 weeks, performed in 3 weekly sessions lasting 60 minutes each. Aerobic exercise, lasting between 20-30 minutes, will be conducted on a treadmill or stationary bike at an intensity ranging from 75-85% of the maximal heart rate (HR), based on the cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Resistance training, lasting 30 minutes, will include 8 to 10 exercises performed in 3 sets of 10 to 12 maximum repetitions with 1-minute intervals, targeting major muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs, with loads corresponding to 80-90% of the 10-repetitions maximum (RM).

Study summary

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) aged 40-70 years will undergo exercise training (thrice weekly for 12 weeks). A reference group composed of healthy individuals will be included. Evaluations will be conducted at baseline and after the intervention period during two visits. During the first visit, carotid artery thickness will be assessed via ultrasound before and after a cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The second visit will include the evaluation of endothelial function using venous occlusion plethysmography. After this, participants will engage in 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, and blood samples will be collected pre- and post-exercise. Circulating levels of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites (Tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid), pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and lipid profiles will be measured via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), multiplex essays, and biochemical analysis; respectively.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Carotid intima-media thickness — Baseline and 12 weeks
  The assessment of the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the left and right common carotid arteries will be performed with the patient in the supine position, with the head turned to the side (45°), using a portable ultrasound device (Logiq-e, GE HealthCare, Boston, MA, USA) with a 9 L linear probe (12 MHz).

Trial sites (1)

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