TPR Injection Technique: To examine the effect of the Traction, Pressure, and Rapid Muscle Release (TPR) injection technique, a non-pharmacological method, on patients' pain and satisfaction levels during cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) intramuscular injection.
Study summary
This study will be conducted to evaluate the effect of the Traction, Pressure, and Rapid Muscle Release (TPR) technique, an innovative method used during intramuscular vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) injections, on patients' pain and satisfaction levels compared with the conventional injection method.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
Inclusion Criteria:
* Voluntary participation in the study
* Ability to speak and understand Turkish
* Being between 18 and 65 years of age
* Having a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 30
* No sensory impairment in the ventrogluteal muscles
Exclusion Criteria:
* Presence of a scar, burn, redness, hematoma, bruising, tenderness, or induration at the injection site
* History of intramuscular injection in the ventrogluteal region within the last 15 days
* Presence of injection-related fear
* Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
* History of neuropathy
* Presence of any hearing, visual, or speech impairment
* Presence of a mental disability
* Use of oral or parenteral analgesic medication before the procedure.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Patient Information Form — Immediately before the administration of the cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) injection. The data collection form, developed by the researchers in line with the current literature, consists of questions regarding the patients' sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements. The form includes questions about patients' age, gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, history of chronic disease, regular medication use, and previous intramuscular (IM) injection experience, as well as three questions related to anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and body mass index (BMI).
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)-Pain — Immediately after the administration of the cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) injection. First defined in 1921 and used to assess patients' subjective pain levels, the VAS is a form consisting of a horizontal line 10 cm long.
The leftmost part of this measurement tool indicates "no pain," while the rightmost part indicates "unbearable pain." A high score on the scale indicates severe pain, while a low score indicates mild pain. The scale is scored as follows: 0 = no pain, 1-3 = mild pain, 4-6 = moderate pain, and 7-10 = severe pain.
Visual Comparison Scale for Satisfaction — Immediately after the administration of the cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) injection. In this scale, satisfaction levels are determined by scoring between 0 and 10. A score of "0" represents the lowest level of satisfaction, while a score of "10" represents the highest level of satisfaction.
Patients are asked to indicate the level of their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with the numerical value representing the patient's satisfaction level.
Trial sites (1)
Facility
City
Region
Status
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye Başakşehir Çam And Sakura City Hospital Emergency Department
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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