QR-Based Virtual Tour and Childbirth Outcomes

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Virtual Delivery Room Tour via QR Codes: Three short videos via QR codes on admission, labor room, and postpartum care.

Study summary

Childbirth is a unique experience that affects maternal health physiologically, emotionally, and socially, and represents a crucial step in the transition to motherhood. Primiparous women often experience fear related to childbirth due to uncertainty about the process, pain, or possible complications. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of a QR code-based virtual tour of the delivery room on primiparous women's fear of childbirth, childbirth readiness, vaginal birth rate, and postpartum breastfeeding self-efficacy. Participants will be provided access to three virtual videos via QR codes, allowing them to explore the delivery room, understand the admission process, and learn about postpartum care. The study will assess outcomes using validated scales for childbirth fear, prenatal readiness, birth-related self-efficacy, and postpartum breastfeeding. By familiarizing participants with the delivery environment, this intervention aims to reduce fear, improve confidence and preparedness, and encourage vaginal delivery. The findings are expected to inform strategies to enhance maternal experiences, support national initiatives such as the Normal Birth Action Plan, and contribute to safer, more satisfying birth and breastfeeding outcomes.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Wijma Birth Expectation/Experience Scale (W-Deq) Version A — It will be administered as a pre-test between the 28th and 32nd weeks of pregnancy, and as a post-test between the 38th and 40th weeks of pregnancy.
  The scale was developed by Wijma et al. (1998) to determine fear of childbirth. The validity and reliability study of the scale in Turkish was conducted by Körükçü et al. (2012). It is a 33-item scale with specific cutoff points: low degree of fear of childbirth (≤37), moderate degree of fear of childbirth (38-65), severe degree of fear of childbirth (66-84), and clinical degree of fear of childbirth (≥85).
• Prenatal Self-Assessment Scale-Readiness for Childbirth Subscale (PSAS-DHO) — It will be administered as a pre-test between the 28th and 32nd weeks of pregnancy, and as a post-test between the 38th and 40th weeks of pregnancy.
  The Turkish adaptation of the scale developed by Lederman and Lederman (1979) to assess the adjustment of pregnant women to pregnancy and motherhood was made by Beydağ and Mete (2008). The scale, consisting of 79 items and 7 sub-dimensions, is a 4-point Likert scale (4: describes too much, 3: partially describes, 2: describes somewhat, 1: does not describe at all). The sub-dimensions of the scale are: readiness for childbirth, acceptance of pregnancy, fear of childbirth, acceptance of the maternal role, thoughts about the health of oneself and one's baby, the state of one's relationship with one's own mother, and the state of one's relationship with one's spouse. In this study, the readiness for childbirth sub-dimension will be used. The lowest possible score for the readiness for childbirth sub-dimension is 10, and the highest is 40. A lower score indicates higher adjustment.
• Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Delivery — It will be administered as a pre-test between the 28th and 32nd weeks of pregnancy, and as a post-test between the 38th and 40th weeks of pregnancy.
  Developed by Kahraman (2020), this is a visual analog scale consisting of 9 questions. To better understand participants' self-efficacy and self-confidence before birth, and to obtain a kind of birth self-efficacy coefficient, the 9 items were transferred to an 11-point visual scale from 0 to 10. The scoring is as follows: "0 points = lack of self-confidence, 10 points = very confident in myself". As the scores obtained from the self-efficacy scale increase, the degree of self-efficacy also increases.
• Birth Beliefs Scale (BBS) — It will be administered as a pre-test between the 28th and 32nd weeks of pregnancy, and as a post-test between the 38th and 40th weeks of pregnancy.
  Developed by Preis and Benyamini (2017) to assess women's core beliefs about childbirth, this scale was adapted into Turkish by Paker and Ertem (2022). Consisting of 11 items, this scale uses a five-point Likert scale. It comprises two sub-dimensions: beliefs that perceive childbirth as a natural process and beliefs that view childbirth as a medical process. Scores ranging from 5 to 25 are obtained for the sub-dimension of beliefs regarding the natural process, and scores ranging from 6 to 30 are obtained for the sub-dimension of beliefs regarding the medical process. Scoring is done by dividing the total score of all items belonging to the relevant sub-dimension by the number of items to calculate the arithmetic mean. The sub-dimension with a higher arithmetic mean reflects the dominant belief style of the woman regarding childbirth.

Trial sites (1)

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