stable load shoulder press: Participants performed a shoulder press using a barbell loaded at their individual 15-repetition maximum
Unstable load shoulder press: Participants performed a shoulder press using a unstable loaded at their individual 15-repetition maximum
Study summary
The research aims to compare the differences between stable and unstable load conditions during shoulder pressing in overhead athletes with SAPS and to compare the differences between SAPS and healthy athletes with stable and unstable load conditions.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
The inclusion criteria for both the experimental and control groups were as follows: (1) amateur or recreational overhead athletes aged 18-40 years (e.g., volleyball, tennis, baseball); (2) sport participation history of more than 3 years; (3) weekly overhead sport participation of more than 4 hours; (4) ability to meet the minimum loading requirements of the equipment for both stable and unstable conditions, defined as a 15-repetition maximum (15RM) for stable shoulder press of ≥10 kg and unstable shoulder press of ≥8 kg.
The individual inclusion criteria for the experimental group were: (1) diagnosis of subacromial pain syndrome, defined as at least 3 positive findings out of 5 clinical tests (Painful Arc test, Neer impingement test, Empty Can test, Hawkins-Kennedy impingement test, and Resisted External Rotation test); (2) Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of ≤3 during shoulder press performance; (3) symptoms present on the dominant side.
The individual inclusion criteria for the control group were: absence of shoulder pain within the past 6 months, including no pain at the glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular joint, sternoclavicular joint, scapulothoracic joint, or cervical spine.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) history of surgical intervention for fracture or dislocation of the shoulder or elbow joint within the past 6 months; (2) direct trauma to the cervical spine or upper extremity within the past 1 month; (3) shoulder pain or neurological symptoms of cervical origin; (4) any condition preventing the completion of the experimental protocol; (5) bilateral shoulder pain.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Scapular kinematics (degrees) during shoulder elevation measured by VIPER™ system — Immediately after the single session Scapular upward rotation, posterior tilt, and external rotation angles (in degrees) were recorded during shoulder press using the VIPER™ electromagnetic tracking system. Data were collected at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of humeral elevation, and reported as mean values for each angle.
Surface electromyography (TeleMyo2400T G2, Noraxon USA Inc., Scottsdale, AZ, USA) — Immediately after the single session Muscle activation of upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, anterior deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, rectus abdominis, erector spinae during shoulder press
Barbell trajectory (measured with camera) — Immediately after the single session The trajectory was captured by attaching reflective markers to the end of the barbell and recording kinematic data at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz using a camera.
Trial sites (1)
Facility
City
Region
Status
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Taipei
Taiwan
Recruiting
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This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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