Cardiometabolic Adaptations to Concurrent Training: Effect of Effort Configuration on Postmenopausal Women

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Concurrent Training Program: All participants will follow a 20-week concurrent training program consisting of four supervised training sessions per week: two sessions of endurance training and two sessions of resistance training. Each resistance training session will include exercises targeting major muscle groups (leg press, bench press, prone leg curl, and lat pull-down). All exercises will be performed using the 12-repetition maximum load, completing a total of 36 repetitions per exercise. Inter-set rest periods will be arranged so that the total rest time per exercise is 6 minutes, maintaining a consistent work-to-rest ratio. Recovery between exercises will be 4 minutes. will consist of cycling exercises performed at prescribed intensities determined from incremental exercise testing. All sessions will have a total duration of thirty minutes. Work and recovery intervals will be arranged to maintain a consistent work-to-rest ratio across all participants.

Study summary

The main objectives of this project are to assess the effects of a 20-week concurrent training program on neuromuscular adaptations, body composition, cardiometabolic health, quality of life, mood state, physical self-perception, and menopause-related symptoms in physically active postmenopausal women, and to compare the adaptations resulting from different combinations of endurance and resistance training programs with varying effort configurations.

Additionally, this project aims to examine the longitudinal interaction and potential interference effects between endurance and resistance training effort configurations throughout the training program and to determine the optimal combination of effort configurations that maximizes health benefits in concurrent training programs for physically active postmenopausal women.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Blood pressure — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure will be obtained by a photoplethysmography sensor. Units: mmHg
• Baroreflex sensitivity — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Simultaneous electrocardiogram and beat-to-beat blood pressure recordings obtained by a photoplethysmography sensor will be used for calculating baroreflex sensitivity by sequential methods. Units: mmHg/ms
• Heart rate variability in time domain — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN) and root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) will be obtained by analyzing inter-beat intervals from electrocardiogram recordings. Units: ms
• Heart rate variability in frequency domain — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Obtained from spectral analysis of electrocardiogram recordings. High (HF) and Low (LF) frequency bands power will be determined by Fast Fourier Transformation method. Units: ms2/Hz
• Blood pressure variability — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  It will be calculated by spectral analysis of beat-to-beat blood pressure recordings obtained by a photoplethysmography sensor. Units: mmHg2/Hz.
• Arterial stiffness — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Pulse wave velocity will be measured at both the carotid-femoral and finger-toe segments. Units: m/s.
• Resting metabolic rate — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  It will be obtained by measuring oxygen consumption at rest. Units: kcal/·day
• Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Health-Related Quality of Life assessed using the Cervantes Scale, which evaluates overall quality of life in postmenopausal women. The scale ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.
• Menopause-Related Symptoms — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Menopause-Related Symptoms assessed using the Greene Climacteric Scale, which quantifies the severity and frequency of menopause symptoms. The scale ranges from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more severe menopause-related symptoms.
• Mood State — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Mood State assessed using the Evaluation of Emotional States Mood Assessment Scale, which evaluates different dimensions of mood in participants. The scale ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more positive mood.
• Physical Self-Perception — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Physical Self-Perception assessed using the Physical Self-Perception Profile Scale, which evaluates body image and perceived physical competence. The scale ranges from 1 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater perceived physical competence and more positive body image.
• Blood Lipid Profile — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Biochemical variables related to dyslipidemia, including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, measured using a portable cholesterol analyzer (ACON Laboratories, USA).
• Blood Glucose — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Fasting Blood Glucose measured in milligrams per deciliter using a multiparameter monitor (Gimacare, Gima S.P.A., Italy).
• Oxidative Stress Markers (Total Antioxidant Capacity) — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Total Antioxidant Capacity measured in millimoles of Trolox equivalents per liter using the BRS-BQC Redox System (BQC Redox Technologies, Spain).
• Power-velocity relationship — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Relationship betweenPower (W) and angular velocity (°/s). Obtained by performing maximum torque at specific velocities in an isokinetic dynamometer
• Maximum isometric torque — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Maximum torque recorded at fixed angular position. It will be measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. Units: N/m
• Hemoglobin — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Hemoglobin concentration measured in grams per deciliter using a multiparameter monitor (Gimacare, Gima S.P.A., Italy).
• Oxidative Stress Markers (Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Capacit) — Baseline (week 0), partial evaluation 1 (week 6), partial evaluation 2 (week 12), partial evaluation 3 (week 18), and post-intervention evaluation (week 24)
  Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Capacity measured in micromoles per liter using the BRS-BQC Redox System (BQC Redox Technologies, Spain).

Trial sites (1)

More Universidade da Coruña trials in Spain

Other trials for the same condition