Nalbuphine: Nalbuphine will be added to .5% bupivacaine as an adjuvant in infraclavicular nerve block
Dexmedetomidine: Dexmedetomidine will be added to .5% bupivacaine as an adjuvant in infraclavicular nerve block
Study summary
this study is designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and nalbuphine as adjuvants to 0.5% bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block for patients undergoing elective upper limb orthopedic surgeries on the duration of analgesia.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
Adults aged 18-65 years ASA I-II (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification) Scheduled for elective upper limb orthopedic surgeries Able to provide informed consent to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
Refusal to participate in the study Pregnancy Allergy to any study drug(s) Neurological disease (e.g., neuropathies, central nervous system disorders) Coagulopathy or active bleeding disorders Severe systemic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled cardiovascular, renal, or liver disease) Opioid abuse or history of substance use disorder
Primary outcome measure(s)
Our primary outcome of this study will be: Duration of Analgesia. — till 24 hour postoperative Definition: The time interval (in minutes) between the completion of the infraclavicular block injection and the first request for rescue analgesia (VAS ≥ 3).
Scale: Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Scale Title: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS)
Minimum Value: 0 (no pain)
Maximum Value: 10 (worst possible pain)
Interpretation: Higher VAS scores indicate worse pain, and a score of ≥ 3 indicates the need for rescue analgesia.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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