Pressure pain threshold: Pressure pain threshold is defined as the minimal pressure level that causes pain. The measurement will be applied twice for each region with a 1-minute interval, and the average of these applications will be recorded. A trial test will be conducted on the patient before the actual test. Pressure will be applied to selected points with a pressure algometer until pain is induced, and the test for that area will be terminated when the patient feels pain.
Ultrasonography: The cross-sectional area of the radial nerve will be measured in the antecubital fossa and the spiral groove. Three measurements will be taken for the nerve cross-sectional area, and the average will be calculated. For the measurement of common extensor tendon thickness, the probe will be placed over the lateral epicondyle, and the evaluation will be conducted with the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion and the forearm in mid-supination. The Sonosite M-Turbo device will be used for ultrasonography and will be performed by a rehabilitation specialist with 10 years of experience.
Study summary
Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by pain and tenderness over the lateral elbow and may become chronic despite conservative treatment. Although LE is primarily associated with local tendon pathology, central sensitization, radial nerve involvement, and psychosocial factors may contribute to persistent pain and disability. This cross-sectional case-control study aims primarily to compare remote pressure pain thresholds between individuals with chronic LE and healthy controls. Secondary objectives are to compare clinical, functional, psychosocial, and ultrasonographic findings between the groups and to investigate the factors associated with functional impairment in individuals with chronic LE.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
1. CASE GROUP
Inclusion Criteria:
Have unilateral lateral elbow pain persisting for at least 3 months Have a visual analog scale score of 4/10 or higher Have tenderness upon palpation of the common extensor tendon and/or lateral epicondyle region Experience elbow pain that occurs or worsens with hand grip or lateral elbow pain that occurs with resistant static contraction or stretching of the wrist extensors Have read and signed the volunteer consent form (VCF)
Exclusion Criteria:
* Having undergone surgery on the upper extremity or cervical region before
* Presence of cervical or shoulder pathology
* Mechanical symptoms in the elbow (locking, limited range of motion) and other elbow pathologies
* History of trauma to the elbow
* Presence of upper extremity neurological deficit
* History of fibromyalgia, central nervous system disease, or rheumatic disease
* Last 1 month history of physical therapy or injection for lateral epicondylitis
* Pregnancy
2. HEALTHY GROUP
Inclusion Criteria:
* Not having experienced elbow pain before
* Having read and signed the volunteer agreement form (BGOF)
2.Exclusion criteria
* Presence of upper extremity, shoulder, or neck pain within the last year
* History of upper extremity fractures
* Presence of neurological deficits
Primary outcome measure(s)
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) — Baseline The pressure pain threshold is defined as the lowest pressure level that causes pain. The measurement will be taken from the anterior-medial region of the tibia (a distant, painless, and irrelevant area) using a Wagner manual pressure algometer (1 cm² probe-10 kg/20 lb). The measurement will be applied twice at 1-minute intervals, and the average of these applications will be recorded. A trial test will be conducted on the patient before the actual test. Pressure will be applied to the selected points with a pressure algometer until pain is induced, and the test in that area will be terminated when the patient feels pain.
Trial sites (1)
Facility
City
Region
Status
Sultan Abdülhamid Han Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
Istanbul
Turkey (Türkiye)
Recruiting
More Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey trials in Turkey
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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