Gummy Smile and Artificial Intelligence

Inclusion Criteria: Participants aged between 18 and 55 years. Gingival Display During Smiling: Presence of more than 3 mm of gingival display above the maxillary anterior teeth during smiling. Gummy smile severity exceeding a predefined threshold, categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Oral and Periodontal Health: Periodontally healthy individuals or those with minimal gingival inflammation. Anterior teeth free of caries or extensive restorations that may affect esthetic evaluation. Participants with Class I occlusion or mild malocclusion. Presence of etiological factors contributing to gummy smile, such as: Vertical maxillary excess (VME) Hyperactive upper lip Altered passive eruption History of Orthodontic or Surgical Treatment: No history of previous gummy smile correction treatments. No orthodontic treatment or surgical intervention within the last 6-12 months. Systemic Health and Medication Use: Absence of systemic diseases or medication use that could influence gingival display. Image Quality Requirements: High-resolution and standardized photographs or video recordings. Images captured under consistent lighting conditions and fixed angles to ensure accurate evaluation of gingival display. Exclusion Criteria: Periodontal and Dental Conditions: Presence of severe periodontal disease (e.g., periodontitis, gingival hyperplasia). Extensive carious lesions, large restorations, or prosthetic crowns on anterior teeth. History of traumatic dental injuries affecting the maxillary anterior region. Occlusal and Skeletal Anomalies: Severe malocclusion (e.g., Class II or III, open bite, crossbite). Jaw deformities requiring orthognathic surgery. History of Previous Treatment for Gummy Smile: Prior orthodontic treatment, periodontal surgery, or botulinum toxin injections for gummy smile correction. History of orthognathic or maxillofacial surgery altering gingival display. Systemic Health Conditions and Medication Use: Presence of systemic diseases that could affect gingival tissue or facial muscle function (e.g., diabetes, neuromuscular disorders). Use of medications known to induce gingival overgrowth, such as: Calcium channel blockers Phenytoin Cyclosporine Inadequate Image Quality for AI Analysis: Low-resolution, blurred, or poorly standardized photographs. Inconsistent lighting conditions or improper facial positioning in images. Pregnancy and Hormonal Influence: Pregnant or postpartum individuals, as hormonal changes may temporarily influence gingival display.