Magnesium Sulfate: Magnesium sulfate was administered as an adjunct to lidocaine and dexamethasone during cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection as part of routine clinical care. Treatment was not assigned by the investigators.
Normal Saline: Normal saline was administered with lidocaine and dexamethasone during cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection as part of the standard routine clinical protocol. Treatment was not assigned by the investigators.
Study summary
This observational study will compare the clinical outcomes of two cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection protocols used in routine clinical practice for adults with chronic cervical radicular pain caused by cervical disc herniation. One group received lidocaine, dexamethasone, and normal saline, while the other group received lidocaine, dexamethasone, and magnesium sulfate.
Pain intensity, neck-related disability, and health-related quality of life will be evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index, and Short Form-12. Outcomes will be assessed before the procedure and at routine follow-up visits up to three months after the procedure.
Treatment selection was based on routine clinical decisions and was not assigned by the researchers. No additional medication, procedure, test, or follow-up visit will be performed for the purposes of this study. The study uses data from existing medical records and routine clinical follow-up assessments.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
75 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Adults aged 18 to 75 years
* Diagnosis of cervical disc herniation associated with chronic cervical radicular pain
* Underwent cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection
* Availability of pre-procedure and 1-hour post-procedure Numeric Rating Scale scores
* Availability of baseline and 3-week Neck Disability Index and Short Form-12 assessments
* Availability of the 3-month routine follow-up assessment
* Documented injection protocol: standard protocol or magnesium sulfate-containing protocol
Exclusion Criteria:
* Cervical pain primarily attributable to a condition other than cervical radiculopathy
* Previous cervical spine surgery
* Cervical pain associated with malignancy, infection, trauma, or inflammatory disease
* Advanced neurological deficit or clinical findings of myelopathy
* Receipt of another interventional pain procedure during the same follow-up period
* Missing pre-procedure or 1-hour post-procedure Numeric Rating Scale data
* Missing baseline, 3-week, or 3-month Neck Disability Index or Short Form-12 data
* Unavailable or inadequately documented injection content or treatment protocol
Primary outcome measure(s)
Change in Pain Intensity From Baseline to 3 Months — Baseline and 3 months after the procedure Pain intensity is assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale, ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. The change in pain intensity from baseline to 3 months after the procedure will be compared between the two cohorts. A greater reduction in score indicates greater improvement.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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