The Impact of a Infant Sleep Hygiene Training Program on Infant Sleep Habits and Parental Self-Efficacy

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Infant Sleep Hygiene Education Program: Participants will receive a structured, parent-centred Infant Sleep Hygiene Education Program delivered in multiple sessions during pregnancy, with postnatal follow-up support. The program is based on developmental and attachment-informed principles and focuses on responsive caregiving, establishing consistent bedtime routines, and evidence-based sleep hygiene practices, including environmental adjustments, soothing strategies, and parental coping skills.

Study summary

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured, Infant Sleep Hygiene Education Program initiated during pregnancy on infant sleep habits and parental self-efficacy related to infant sleep in the postpartum period. The program is grounded in developmental science and attachment-sensitive principles and focuses on promoting healthy sleep habits through responsive caregiving, consistent bedtime routines, and evidence-based sleep hygiene practices.

Pregnant women will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving a multi-session prenatal education program with postnatal follow-up support, or a control group receiving routine antenatal care. Primary outcomes include parental self-efficacy regarding infant sleep and infant sleep habits (e.g., night awakenings, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, and routine consistency), assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum.

Secondary outcomes include adherence to recommended sleep-supportive parenting practices and infant sleep diary indicators. In addition, the mediating role of parental self-efficacy in the relationship between the intervention and infant sleep outcomes will be examined. Program evaluation outcomes will assess parental knowledge before and after the education, participation and adherence to the sessions, and parental satisfaction with the education program.

This study aims to provide evidence for an ethical, developmentally appropriate, and preventive infant sleep education model integrated into routine prenatal care.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Parental self-efficacy regarding infant sleep — Baseline (prenatal), 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum
  Parental confidence in managing and supporting their infant's sleep will be assessed using the validated Turkish version of the Uppsala Parental Self-Efficacy about Infant Sleep Instrument (UPPSEISI). The UPPSEISI is an 11-item, two-factor, 5-point Likert-type scale that assesses parental self-efficacy related to infant sleep. It consists of two subscales: Child Sleep Needs (6 items), which measures parents' self-efficacy in managing difficulties related to ensuring that the child sleeps sufficiently at appropriate times, and Difficult Parenting (5 items), which assesses parents' self-efficacy in coping with practical challenges of putting the child to sleep and difficulties arising from the parent's own disrupted sleep. Total scores range from 11 to 55, with higher scores indicating greater parental self-efficacy in managing infant sleep-related challenges.
• Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-Revised (BISQ-R) — 1 months, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum
  The scale is a parent-reported questionnaire used to assess infants' and toddlers' sleep patterns and sleep-related behaviors. The Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-Revised (BISQ-R) assesses sleep over the previous two weeks in children aged 0-36 months and includes items on demographic characteristics and infant sleep. The questionnaire evaluates three main domains: Infant Sleep, Parent Perception, and Parent Behavior. Scores are scaled from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better sleep quality, more positive parental perceptions of infant sleep, and parental behaviors that support healthy and

Trial sites (1)

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