MOVI-OLE! [Open Learning Environments]

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

MOVI-OLE intervention: In the MOVI-OLE! classrooms, traditional desks and chairs will be replaced by three dynamic learning zones: A) Dynamic seating: an area with traditional wheeled desks combined with dynamic seats such as fitballs, stools, pedal desks, etc.; B) Standing desks: an area with manually adjustable high desks to allow standing work. Students will also have stools with small backrests and footrests for when they need to sit; C) Vertical boards: vertical boards (vinyl, paper, chalkboard paint, etc.) installed on walls for standing work. To facilitate use and adapt to classroom routines, teachers will decide how to distribute students among the different zones, with the requirement that all students spend at least 20 minutes per school day in zone B. In addition to the workstations, teachers will receive training and didactic support materials focused on student-centered methodologies and the use of open learning spaces.

Study summary

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of MOVI-OLE! (Open Learning Environment), a school-based intervention designed to reduce sedentary time and enhance multiple aspects of child development, including cognitive function, physical fitness, body composition, psychological well-being, and student engagement. The intervention combines dynamic classroom furniture with student-centered teaching practices. Additionally, a qualitative component will explore how students, teachers, and families perceive the feasibility and acceptability of implementing MOVI-OLE! in real-world school settings.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Sedentary time in classroom — Two academic years
  measured using accelerometers to record sitting/lying, standing, and walking time during classroom activities. Data are expressed as minutes per child during classroom time; higher values of sedentary time indicate greater inactivity.
• Sedentary Behavior in Classroom — Two academic years
  measured in a randomly selected subsample using the Portable Ergonomic Observation Method. Observers will record and classify postures (sitting, standing, walking) during classroom time using real-time coding and/or video recordings. Minutes per child per posture category; higher sitting time indicates more sedentary behavior.
• Inhibition/Attention — Two academic years
  inhibitory control and attention will be measured using the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test. Children complete practice trials followed by a block of congruent and incongruent trials. Outcomes include reaction time, accuracy, and raw scores, with higher scores indicating better inhibitory control and attentional performance.
• Working memory — Two academic years
  working memory will be assessed using the List Sorting Working Memory Test. Children are required to recall and sequence items presented visually and orally, with task difficulty increasing progressively. Outcomes include raw scores, with higher scores indicating better working memory performance.
• Cognitive flexibility — Two academic years
  cognitive flexibility will be assessed using the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test. Children classify stimuli based on color or shape, with blocks assessing both pre-switch and post-switch performance. Outcomes include reaction time, accuracy, and raw scores, with higher scores reflecting greater cognitive flexibility.
• Academic performance — Two academic years
  academic grades provided by the school in various subjects, comparing the year prior to the intervention and during the intervention years.
• Mental health — Two academic years
  measured with questionnaire such as Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale. This standardized questionnaire assesses a range of anxiety and depression symptoms in children. Responses are rated on a 4-point Likert scale, and scores are converted to age- and sex-normed T-scores. T-scores ≥65 indicate borderline clinical levels, and scores ≥70 indicate clinically significant symptoms.
• Health-related quality of life — Two academic years
  measured with questionnaire KIDSCREEN. This standardized instrument evaluates physical, psychological, and social dimensions of well-being in children and adolescents. Items are rated on 5-point Likert scales, and scores are transformed into T-scores. Higher T-scores indicate better HRQoL.
• Engagement in the teaching-learning process in students — Two academic years
  student engagement (based on the Achievement Beliefs Scale for Children). This self-report instrument evaluates motivational and cognitive components of academic engagement in children, such as effort, persistence, and beliefs about success. Items are rated on Likert-type scales, with higher scores indicating greater levels of engagement.
• Engagement in the teaching-learning process in teachers — Two academic years
  teacher personal efficacy (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale; UWES). This self-report questionnaire measures work engagement through three dimensions: vigor, dedication, and absorption. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicate greater work engagement and perceived efficacy.
• Energy expenditure in classroom in different postures — Two academic years
  estimation of oxigen (O2) consumption during lessons in traditional seated, dynamically seated and standing desks will be assessed in a a randomly selected subsample. It wil be estimated the O2/hour consumption using a K5 COSMED (Oxycon Mobile system; CareFusion) wireless portable metabolic analyzer.

Trial sites (1)

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