The goal of this observational study is to investigate digital patient engagement and its psychosocial correlates and potential predictors among adults aged 18-85 years with neurological disorders who are undergoing technology-supported neurorehabilitation using robotic systems for upper-limb training and/or virtual reality-based technologies.
Specifically, the study will examine the roles of hope and the quality of the patient-healthcare professional relationship as the potential predictors of engagement with rehabilitation technologies. It will also explore the contribution of disease-management self-efficacy, technology anxiety, and sociodemographic, clinical, functional, and rehabilitation-related characteristics. Finally, the study will examine whether digital patient engagement predicts the perceived psychosocial impact of rehabilitation technologies, behavioural intention to continue using them, and overall satisfaction with the rehabilitation pathway.
Participants will:
* continue their standard neurorehabilitation pathway without any modification to routine clinical procedures;
* complete a computerized self-report questionnaire via the Qualtrics digital platform at a single time point after completing at least three rehabilitation sessions using the technologies under study.
No experimental intervention, comparison group, or follow-up assessment is planned.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
85 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Aged between 18 and 85 years.
* Diagnosed with one of the following neurological conditions: stroke, Parkinson's disease, ataxia, motor neuron disease, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, or post-neurosurgical neurological outcomes.
* Have completed at least three rehabilitation sessions using the technologies under study, representing the minimum exposure required for participants to become sufficiently familiar with the technology and to provide informed feedback on their experience of use.
* Have adequate cognitive functioning, defined as the ability to understand study-related information, provide informed consent, and reliably complete the planned assessment measures, as determined by the clinical team during routine clinical evaluation.
* Have sufficient proficiency in Italian to understand the study information and complete the assessment measures reliably.
* Can use the digital tools required for data collection, e.g., a tablet, either independently or with compensatory aids and/or assistance from the data collection staff.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Diagnosis of an acute or non-stabilized psychiatric disorder, such as an active psychotic episode or a depressive episode with severe symptoms, that may interfere with informed participation in the study.
* Severe uncompensated sensory impairment, such as severe visual or hearing impairment, that prevents the use of the digital tools required for data collection.
* Motor impairment that prevents interaction with a tablet, even with compensatory aids and/or assistance from the data collection staff.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Digital patient engagement score assessed using the TWente Engagement with Ehealth Technologies Scale after completion of at least 3 rehabilitation sessions with the technologies — At baseline, single assessment (Day 1) Digital patient engagement in the use of neurorehabilitation technologies will be measured using the TWente Engagement with Ehealth Technologies Scale (TWEETS), a 9-item self-report scale assessing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement with eHealth technologies. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree. A total score is calculated by summing the 9 items, with possible scores ranging from 9 to 36. Higher scores indicate higher digital patient engagement. "Not applicable" responses, if selected, are treated as missing and handled according to the pre-specified scoring plan.
Trial sites (3)
Facility
City
Region
Status
ICS Maugeri IRCCS - Istituto Scientifico di Milano
Milan
Italy
ICS Maugeri IRCCS - Istituto Scientifico di Montescano
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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