This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided greater auricular nerve block (GAN) on the reduction of emergence agitation (EA) occurrence and EA severity in children who are receiving general anesthesia for a microscopic middle ear operation.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
5 Years
Max age
14 Years
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age between 5 and 14 years (preschool to early school age group at highest risk for EA).
* ASA physical status I or II.
* Scheduled for elective microscopic middle ear surgery under general anesthesia (e.g., tympanoplasty, myringoplasty).
* Ability to comply with FLACC and PAED scoring during postoperative period.
* Informed consent obtained from a parent or legal guardian.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Known neurological, developmental, or psychiatric disorders (e.g., autism, ADHD, seizure disorder).
* Known hypersensitivity to amide local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine, bupivacaine).
* Skin infection, hematoma, or trauma at or near the proposed block site.
* Non-elective (emergency) or combined surgeries.
* Inability to assess pain or agitation due to hearing loss, or communication impairment.
* Parental or legal guardian refusal to participate.
Primary outcome measure(s)
score on Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. — Every 5 minutes for the first 30 minutes post-extubation, then every 15 minutes up to 2 hours postoperative. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale has 64% sensitivity and 86% specificity. This validated tool includes five items scored on a 5-point Likert scale (eye contact with caregiver, purposeful actions, awareness of surroundings, restlessness, and consolability). Score of ≥10 at any point during the postoperative observation period in the PACU will be considered as an episode of EA.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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