The goal of this observational study is to evaluate psychological readiness, kinesiophobia, subjective knee function, sport activity level, and return-to-sport status in athletes who have undergone primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction between 3 and 24 months after surgery.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Do these outcomes differ across different postoperative time periods? Are they associated with return-to-sport status? Participants will complete questionnaires assessing psychological readiness (ACL-RSI), kinesiophobia (TSK), subjective knee function (IKDC), and sport activity level (Tegner), and will provide information about their return-to-sport status.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age ≥18 years.
* History of unilateral primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
* Between 3 and 24 months after ACL reconstruction at the time of assessment.
* Regular participation in sports before ACL injury with a preinjury Tegner Activity Scale score of ≥4.
* Ability to read and understand Turkish and independently complete the study questionnaires.
* Willingness to participate in the study.
* Provision of written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Revision ACL reconstruction.
* Reinjury or graft rupture of the reconstructed ACL.
* Bilateral ACL injury.
* History of ACL reconstruction in the contralateral knee.
* Concomitant major ligament, cartilage, bone, or extensor mechanism surgery that is expected to substantially affect rehabilitation, weight-bearing status, return-to-sport timing, or knee function following primary ACL reconstruction.
* Other lower-extremity injuries or surgical conditions unrelated to ACL reconstruction that limit sports participation at the time of assessment.
* Neurological, rheumatologic, cardiopulmonary, or other severe systemic diseases that substantially limit sports participation.
* Cognitive, psychiatric, or communication disorders that preclude reliable completion of the study questionnaires.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Psychological readiness to return to sport [Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI)] — At study assessment (single assessment performed between 3 and 24 months after ACL reconstruction) Psychological readiness to return to sport assessed using the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale. The 12-item scale evaluates psychological readiness to return to sport following ACL injury or reconstruction, including emotional response, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater psychological readiness to return to sport.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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