Acute Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols in Amateur Basketball Players

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Standard Dynamic Warm-Up: Participants will perform a standardized dynamic warm-up lasting approximately 10 minutes. The protocol will include 3 minutes of light jogging, high knees, butt kicks, walking lunges, side shuffles, carioca running, sagittal and frontal plane leg swings, and three 10-meter progressive acceleration runs. Each dynamic exercise will be performed for approximately 20 to 30 seconds or over two 20-meter repetitions, as appropriate.

Classical Hold-Relax PNF Stretching: After completing the standardized dynamic warm-up, participants will receive therapist-administered hold-relax PNF stretching for the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors. Each muscle will be moved to the maximum pain-free stretch position. The participant will then perform a 6-second isometric contraction at approximately 60% to 70% of maximal voluntary effort, followed by relaxation and a 20-second therapist-assisted passive stretch at the new range limit. Three repetitions will be performed bilaterally for each muscle group, with approximately 30 seconds of rest between muscle groups. The PNF component will last

Short-Duration Self-PNF Stretching: After completing the standardized dynamic warm-up, participants will perform a supervised short-duration self-PNF protocol targeting the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors. Each repetition will include a 5-second contraction of the opposing muscle group, a 5-second stretch of the target muscle, and a 5-second contraction of the target muscle. Four repetitions will be completed for each muscle group bilaterally, with approximately 20 seconds of rest between muscle groups. The self-PNF component will last approximately 7 to 8 minutes.

Study summary

Brief Summary This randomized controlled trial will compare the immediate effects of three warm-up protocols on physical performance in male amateur basketball players. A total of 45 licensed basketball players aged 15 to 25 years will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: standard dynamic warm-up, dynamic warm-up followed by classical hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, or dynamic warm-up followed by short-duration self-administered PNF stretching.

The main outcome will be the change in countermovement jump height. Additional outcomes will include flexibility, knee range of motion, squat jump height, 20-meter sprint time, agility, dynamic balance, and perceived exertion. Measurements will be performed before the assigned warm-up protocol, immediately after the protocol, and 15 minutes after the protocol.

The study aims to determine whether short-duration self-PNF stretching can improve flexibility while preserving performance more effectively than classical PNF stretching. Each participant will complete the assigned protocol and all assessments during a single study session.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Change in Countermovement Jump Height — Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention
  Lower-extremity explosive performance will be assessed using the countermovement jump test. Participants will perform three maximal vertical jumps with their hands placed on their hips. Jump height will be recorded in centimeters using a standardized jump measurement system. The highest value from the three attempts will be used. Higher values indicate better jump performance. Change from baseline will be compared among the three intervention groups.

Trial sites (1)

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