Intraoperative Music: Participants assigned to the music group will listen to self-selected music through noise-cancelling Bluetooth headphones from immediately before anesthesia induction until discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit. Music volume will be set at approximately 50-60 dB. Standard anesthesia care will be provided according to the study protocol.
Study summary
The goal of this study is to find out whether listening to music during surgery can reduce the amount of propofol, an anesthesia medicine, needed in patients having elective breast surgery.
Patients who agree to take part will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group will listen to music of their choice through headphones during anesthesia and recovery. The other group will receive standard anesthesia care without music. All patients will receive routine anesthesia monitoring, including a monitor that helps assess the depth of anesthesia.
The main outcome of the study is the total amount of propofol used during surgery. The study will also look at anesthesia depth values, use of other anesthesia medicine, blood pressure and heart rate, time spent in the recovery unit, nausea and vomiting after surgery, and patient satisfaction.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age between 18 and 70 years
* American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II
* Scheduled to undergo elective breast surgery with an estimated surgical duration of 45 to 180 minutes
* Planned anesthesia technique is total intravenous anesthesia
* Able to understand Turkish and communicate verbally
* Able to read and write and provide written informed consent
* Clinically normal hearing function and no ear, nose, or throat condition that prevents headphone use
Exclusion Criteria:
* Diagnosed unilateral or bilateral hearing loss or use of a hearing aid
* Current psychiatric disease or regular use of psychotropic medication, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, or hypnotics
* Diagnosis of chronic pain syndrome or chronic use of opioids, pregabalin, or gabapentin
* Neurological disease that may affect BIS interpretation, such as epilepsy, dementia, stroke sequelae, or Parkinson disease
* Known allergy or contraindication to propofol, remifentanil, or rocuronium
* Morbid obesity, defined as body mass index greater than 40 kg/m²
* History of active alcohol or substance dependence
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Emergency surgery or reoperation
* Planned addition of regional anesthesia in the preoperative period
* Refusal to participate in the study or refusal to sign the informed consent form
Primary outcome measure(s)
Total Propofol Consumption — From anesthesia induction to the end of surgery, assessed up to 6 hours. Total amount of propofol administered during anesthesia, normalized to body weight and expressed as mg/kg. Propofol consumption will be obtained from the target-controlled infusion pump records.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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