The purpose of this study is to perform the Turkish cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain and Smoking Inventory (PSI) and to comprehensively evaluate its reliability, validity, and psychometric properties among daily cigarette smokers with chronic pain.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Aged 18 years and older.
* Having a diagnosis of chronic pain that has persisted for at least 3 months.
* Smoking at least 5 cigarettes per day (within the last 30 days).
* Being able to read and write in Turkish.
* Volunteering to participate in the study and signing the written informed consent form.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Having a diagnosis of active psychosis or severe depression.
* Having a diagnosis of cognitive impairment or intellectual disability.
* Having severe alcohol dependence or substance use disorder.
* Having reading and writing difficulties to a degree that prevents completing the questionnaire independently.
* Being in the pregnancy or breastfeeding period.
* Using nicotine replacement therapy or smoking cessation medication within the last 1 month.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Turkish Pain and Smoking Inventory (PSI-TR) — at baseline The Pain and Smoking Inventory (PSI) is a 9-item self-report scale designed to assess the perceived interrelations between chronic pain and tobacco smoking. It measures three conceptual domains: pain as a motivator for smoking, smoking as a coping strategy for pain, and pain as a barrier to smoking cessation. Each item is scored on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 to 6. The total score ranges from 0 to 54, where higher scores indicate a stronger perceived relationship between pain and smoking behaviors.
Trial sites (2)
Facility
City
Region
Status
Bingol University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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