Giomer Restorative Material: Class II posterior restorations restored with a giomer restorative material according to the manufacturer's instructions under standardized clinical conditions.
Giomer-Based Bulk-Fill Restorative Material: Class II posterior restorations restored with a giomer-based bulk-fill restorative material according to the manufacturer's instructions under standardized clinical conditions.
Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement: Class II posterior restorations restored with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement according to the manufacturer's instructions under standardized clinical conditions.
Study summary
This randomized split-mouth clinical trial aims to evaluate the clinical performance of bioactive restorative materials used in Class II restorations in permanent posterior teeth. The study compares a giomer-based bulk-fill restorative material, a giomer restorative material, and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement in terms of clinical success and overall clinical performance. Patients requiring at least three Class II restorations in posterior teeth are treated under standardized clinical conditions. Clinical evaluations are performed at baseline and follow-up visits to assess short- and long-term outcomes.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Healthy individuals without any systemic disease that could contraindicate restorative treatment
2. Individuals aged between 18 and 50 years
3. Individuals who agreed to participate in the study and signed the informed consent form
4. Individuals with at least three proximal carious lesions in premolar or molar teeth, classified as D2 (lesions extending to the middle third of dentin) or D3 (lesions extending to the inner third of dentin) according to the ICDAS classification
5. Teeth with intact enamel and dentin structure that had not been previously restored
6. Individuals who brushed their teeth at least twice a day
7. Individuals without physical disabilities that could prevent attendance at follow-up visits
8. Individuals with at least 20 teeth in occlusion and with antagonist teeth in the opposing arch
9. Vital teeth without signs of periapical pathology
10. Periodontally healthy teeth that were not used as abutments for any prosthetic restoration
11. Teeth without displacement or mobility
12. Individuals who had undergone initial periodontal therapy
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals
2. Individuals with advanced periodontal disease
3. Individuals using removable partial dentures
4. Individuals with bruxism
5. Individuals with severe malocclusion
6. Individuals with known allergies to resin-based restorative materials or adhesive agents
7. Individuals with a history of allergy to local anesthetics or their administration
8. Individuals with latex allergy
9. Individuals with poor oral hygiene
10. Teeth that had been previously restored or were undergoing orthodontic treatment
Primary outcome measure(s)
Retention and fracture of restorations — 6 Months after restoration placement" Retention and fracture of Class II restorations will be evaluated using modified FDI World Dental Federation criteria by a single examiner. Restorations will be scored based on the presence of loss of retention, fracture, or chipping. A score of 1 (excellent) or 2 (good) will be considered clinically successful.
Marginal adaptation of restorations — 6 Months after restoration placement" Marginal adaptation will be assessed using modified FDI criteria by a single examiner. The presence of marginal gaps or discrepancies will be evaluated using visual inspection.
Surface luster of restorations — 6 Months after restoration placement" Surface luster will be assessed using modified FDI criteria by a single examiner. The surface gloss and texture of restorations will be evaluated.
Postoperative sensitivity — 6 Months after restoration placement" Postoperative sensitivity will be assessed using modified FDI criteria by a single examiner. Sensitivity will be evaluated based on clinical examination and patient-reported symptoms.
Secondary caries — 6 Months after restoration placement" Secondary caries will be evaluated using clinical and radiographic examination according to modified FDI World Dental Federation criteria by a single examiner. Radiographic evaluation will be used to detect recurrent caries and any pathological findings adjacent to the restorations.
Trial sites (1)
Facility
City
Region
Status
Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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