Laughter Therapy: A laughter therapy session lasts 45-50 minutes. It includes 10 minutes of warm-up exercises, 15 minutes of breathing exercises, and 15 minutes of laughter exercises. It concludes with a 5-10-minute meditation.
Study summary
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of laughter therapy on respiratory functions and geriatric pain in elderly individuals.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
60 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Members of the Dikmen Retirees' Club, who do not accept to leave, are 60 years of age or older, have any work, visual, mental or orthopedic disability that would prevent them from participating in the sections, including those who smoke and use alcohol.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Being under 60 years of age and having conditions that prevent the application of laughter therapy (having had abdominal surgery in the last three months, glaucoma, hernia and epilepsy), smoking and drinking alcohol.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Geriatric Pain Scale — 4 weeks The original scale, called the Geriatric Pain Measure, is a twenty-four-item multidimensional scale developed by Ferrell and colleagues in 2000. The scale adapted for Turkish has five dimensions, as in the original. It includes subscales for pain withdrawal (items 19, 20, 22, and 23), pain intensity (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), pain with movement (items 9, 10, 11, and 12), pain due to strenuous activities (items 7, 8, 18, 21, and 24), and pain due to other activities (items 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17). The scale includes two open-ended questions (items 19 and 20). These questions are scored from 0 to 10. For the other 22 items, each "Yes" response is summed and multiplied by 2.38. The total possible score ranges from 0 to 100. A score between 0 and 29 indicates mild pain, a score between 30 and 69 indicates moderate pain, and a score of 70 or above indicates severe pain. The total Cronbach's alpha value for the scale is 0.85.
Forced Vital Capasity: FVC — 4 weeks Mean Change from Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) at Week 4. FVC is the total amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible. It will be used to assess the improvement or stabilization of total lung volume.
Unit of Measure: Liters (L)
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second: FEV1 — 4 weeks Mean Change from Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second at week 4. The absolute volume of air exhaled during the first second of the forced vital capacity maneuver. The highest value from three acceptable maneuvers will be recorded in liters (L).
FEV1/FVC Ratio — 4 weeks Mean Change from Baseline in FEV1/FVC Ratio at Week 4. This ratio (Tiffeneau-Pinelli index) represents the percentage of vital capacity a person can deliver in the first second of a forced exhalation. It is used to differentiate obstructive and restrictive lung patterns.
Unit of Measurement: Percentile
Peak Expiratory Flow: PEF — 4 weeks Mean Change from Baseline in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) at Week 4. PEF measures the maximum exhalation rate.
Unit of Measurement: Liters/minute (L/min)
Forced Expiratory Flow: FEF 25-75 — 4 weeks Change from Baseline in Forced Expiratory Flow Between 25% and 75% of Vital Capacity (FEF 25-75%) at Week 4. This measure reflects the flow rate during the middle half of the FVC maneuver and is a sensitive indicator of small airway function.
Unit of Measure: Liters per second (L/sec)
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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