Obesity is a major global public health concern, and bariatric surgery is recognized as the most effective treatment for achieving sustained weight loss and improving obesity-related comorbidities. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one of the most commonly performed bariatric procedures; however, long-term outcomes vary considerably among individuals. While some patients maintain satisfactory weight loss, others experience suboptimal weight loss or weight regain several years after surgery. Evidence suggests that long-term weight trajectories after SG may be influenced by metabolic changes, dietary habits, and lifestyle factors, highlighting the need for extended follow-up studies.
This observational cohort study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes of individuals who underwent sleeve gastrectomy approximately 8 years ago. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and nutritional status will be reassessed at an 8-year follow-up visit and compared with data obtained during the preoperative period and at postoperative 6 months. By examining within-subject changes over time, this study seeks to provide insight into the long-term sustainability of weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy and to identify metabolic and nutritional factors associated with long-term outcomes.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Adults aged 18-65 years
* Patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy approximately 8 years prior to study enrollment
* Patients with available postoperative follow-up data at 6 months, including anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and nutritional status assessments
* Patients willing to participate in long-term follow-up and attend in-person evaluations
Exclusion Criteria:
* Pregnancy or lactation
* Presence of acute illness or active infection at the time of evaluation
* Presence of acute illness, infection, or comorbid conditions that may limit study safety or validity, including malignancy, type 1 diabetes mellitus, renal or hepatic failure, recent stroke or myocardial infarction, nephrolithiasis, drug or alcohol abuse, eating disorders, severe depression or other major psychiatric disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiac arrhythmias or heart failure, respiratory failure, or chronic systemic corticosteroid therapy.
* Professional athletes
Primary outcome measure(s)
Change in Fat Mass — Preoperative, postoperative 6 months, and postoperative 8 years Changes in fat mass measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Change in Body Weight — Preoperative, postoperative 6 months, and postoperative 8 years Body weight measured using a calibrated digital scale with participants wearing light clothing and no shoes.
Change in Body Mass Index (BMI) — Preoperative, postoperative 6 months, and postoperative 8 years BMI calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²), measured using a wall-mounted stadiometer.
Change in Waist Circumference — Preoperative, postoperative 6 months, and postoperative 8 years Waist circumference measured in centimeters at the midpoint between the subcostal margin and the iliac crest with participants standing upright.
Change in Hip Circumference — Preoperative, postoperative 6 months, and postoperative 8 years Hip circumference measured in centimeters at the level of maximum gluteal protrusion.
Percent Total Weight Loss (TWL%) — Postoperative 6 months and postoperative 8 years Calculated as \[(preoperative weight - postoperative weight) / preoperative weight\] × 100.
Percent Excess Weight Loss (EWL%) — Postoperative 6 months and postoperative 8 years Calculated as \[(preoperative weight - postoperative weight) / (preoperative weight - ideal body weight)\] × 100, where ideal body weight corresponds to a BMI of 25 kg/m².
Change in Body Fat Percentage — Preoperative baseline, postoperative 6 months, and postoperative 8 years Changes in body fat percentage measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass — Preoperative baseline, postoperative 6 months, and postoperative 8 years Changes in skeletal muscle mass measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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