A large number of people have a stroke each year and it is a major cause of disability worldwide. Upper limb motor impairments, aphasia, body control problems and decreased motor imagery ability are common after stroke. Although there are studies showing that these impairments may be related to each other, there is no comprehensive study examining the relationship between Turkish language skills and these motor functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Turkish language skills and upper extremity motor function, trunk control and motor imagery ability in stroke patients.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* 18 years of age or older
* Stroke onset more than 1 week
* Not having practiced imagery before
* Being a native speaker of Turkish
* Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) Score of 24 and above
* History of cerebrovascular events
* Not having any neurological disorder other than stroke
* The ability to grasp and hold a 2.5 cm cube
Exclusion Criteria:
* No consent from the family or person
* Having had a stroke before
* Severe hearing or vision loss
* Individuals are excluded if they have other primary medical conditions that may affect language and motor functions (e.g. brain tumor, Parkinson's disease, severe post-stroke depression, Alzheimer's disease) or have undergone surgery.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Aphasia Language Assessment Test (ADD) — Baseline (upon enrollment) The Aphasia Language Assessment Test was developed by Maviş and Toğram. It is a language test that allows diagnosing aphasia, determining the type of aphasia, determining the performance of the individual with aphasia in all language areas and selecting appropriate therapy goals for the individual. The Aphasia Language Assessment Test consists of 8 subtests assessing speech fluency, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, speech acts, grammar and writing. Correct and independent responses are scored as 2; incomplete, inadequate or assisted responses as 1 and incorrect responses or no response as 0.
GAT-2 (Gulhane Aphasia Test) — Baseline (upon enrollment) This test consists of six parts and assesses the individual's awareness, comprehension (speech comprehension, reading comprehension), oral-motor skills, automatic speech, repetition and naming skills. This test also determines whether the individual diagnosed with aphasia is accompanied by dysarthria, apraxia or paraphasia in language production. Hearing comprehension is evaluated with 20 items, reading comprehension with 15 items, repetition with 6 items and naming with 13 items. The score of each section is expressed as a percentage. The total aphasia score is obtained by summing the scores of all sections (minimum 0, maximum 600 points). A lower aphasia score indicates more severe aphasia. A score of 40% or less on at least three sections indicates moderate-to-severe aphasia. However, the GAT only gives a numerical value for aphasia, and aphasia cannot be typed.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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