More than 320 million surgical procedures are performed worldwide each year, and most of these procedures are performed under general anesthesia. In such anesthesia practices, patients' airways are usually managed by endotracheal intubation (ETT) or laryngeal mask (LM). These airway management techniques can lead to various pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the postoperative period. The most common complications include sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and laryngeal injuries. Endotracheal intubation can cause laryngeal injuries, especially during tube placement and removal. These injuries can lead to serious complications such as edema, granuloma, thickening of the vocal cords, subluxation, and nerve palsy. The frequency of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms varies depending on the type of surgical intervention the patient has undergone, the duration of intubation, and the experience of the operators. Most pharyngolaryngeal injuries are associated with factors such as incorrect placement of the endotracheal tube, overinflation, prolonged indwelling, or incorrect use of the laryngeal mask. However, these symptoms are often considered transient and are often overlooked by patients or healthcare professionals. However, in some cases, long-term functional disorders related to voice, swallowing, and airway patency may develop.
The assessment of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms is critical for more effective management of patients throughout the treatment process and for optimizing their care. Early recognition and management of these symptoms by nurses and other healthcare professionals can reduce complications and increase patient satisfaction.
There is no standard scale in the literature that can assess and classify these symptoms after surgical anesthesia. Existing assessments usually address symptoms separately and are usually performed with subjective measurements. The aim of this study was to develop a scale that can more systematically assess oral and pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing after surgical interventions. Conducting validity and reliability tests of this scale will be an important step in improving patient care during surgical procedures and managing postoperative symptoms more effectively. The aim of this study was to develop a scale to assess pharyngolaryngeal symptoms after general anesthesia and to determine its validity and reliability.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Patients between the ages of 18-65
* Patients who have received general anesthesia
* Patients who are conscious
* Patients who can communicate verbally
* Patients who volunteer to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients who received spinal-epidural or regional anesthesia
* Patients who have any discomfort in the oral-pharynx-larynx regions
* Patients who have undergone any surgical intervention in the oral-pharynx-larynx regions.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Draft Scale for Assessing Oral and Pharyngolaryngeal Symptoms After General Anesthesia — Scale Development work takes an average of 2 years Since a similar scale to the Post-General Anesthesia Oral and Pharyngolaryngeal Symptom Assessment Scale could not be found, a 46-item oral and pharyngolaryngeal symptom assessment scale created by the researcher based on literature will be used to develop the scale. Reliability and validity studies of the draft scale will be conducted.
Draft Scale for Evaluating Oral and Pharyngolaryngeal Symptoms After General Anesthesia Expert Opinion Evaluation Form — average 2 months In order for the draft scale prepared by the researcher to be evaluated by experts, the suitability of the scale items/questions will be measured with the "Expert Opinion Evaluation Form for the Draft Scale for the Evaluation of Oral and Pharyngolaryngeal Symptoms After General Anesthesia".
Vizuel Analog Skalası (VAS) — average 2 years The VAS value is determined by measuring the distance between the leftmost end of the scale and the marked point. The scale can be used to evaluate subjective conditions such as pain, anxiety, hunger, thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, weakness, and nausea. The values range from 0 to 10, and higher values indicate an increase in the severity of the symptoms being evaluated. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) consisting of a total of 10 symptoms (sore throat, dry throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, numbness in the tongue, difficulty speaking, shortness of breath, numbness/abnormal sensation in the throat, change in taste, and dry mouth) consisting of the same content as the prepared draft scale was created. VAS will be used to determine the parallel form reliability of the draft scale.
Sociodemographic Characteristics Form — average 2 years The Sociodemographic Characteristics Form created by the researcher consists of a total of 20 questions. The sociodemographic characteristics form was created by the researcher in accordance with the literature. As a result of the literature review, risk factors leading to pharyngolaryngeal injury (gender, age, weight in kilograms, smoking, gastroesophageal reflux history, type and duration of surgical intervention, type of tube used, tube size, difficult intubation, multiple applications of laryngoscope, use of gastric tube, muscle relaxation, use of propofol, postoperative vomiting, pharyngeal aspiration status) will be reported.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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