The Effect of Using Virtual Reality Glasses on Anxiety-related Radial Vasospasm in Patients Undergoing Transradial Coronary Angiography

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

wearing VR glass: The intervention is the application of VR headsets during the procedure for patients who were previously indicated for transradial coronary angiography and were randomized to the VR headset group.

Study summary

Compared to transfemoral access, transradial access is a safe and effective method for coronary interventions, associated with lower rates of vascular complications, including major bleeding. Additionally, it facilitates early ambulation and reduces post-procedural hospital stays. As a result, current guidelines now recommend transradial access as the preferred approach for coronary interventional procedures. However, the most commonly recognized limitation of this method is radial artery spasm (RAS).

The radial artery is more susceptible to spasm than other peripheral arteries due to its thicker muscular layer and the predominance of alpha-adrenergic receptors. RAS can sometimes limit the advantages of transradial access, prolong procedural duration, or even lead to procedural failure and termination. Consequently, the prevention of potential causes of RAS has garnered significant interest.

The reported incidence of RAS ranges between 7.8% and 25%. These rates are notably high for diagnostic procedures, underscoring the importance of identifying and addressing risk factors before the intervention. The literature identifies several risk factors for RAS, including female sex, advanced age, smaller radial artery diameter, and the number of interventions performed.

Cardiac procedures frequently induce pain and anxiety in patients. The prevalence of anxiety disorders among patients with cardiovascular diseases can reach up to 15%, with cardiac procedures exacerbating these conditions, resulting in anxiety prevalence rates as high as 72%.

Given the limitations of pharmacological approaches in managing pain and anxiety, innovative digital solutions such as virtual reality (VR) have been proposed. However, VR was not found to have a statistically significant effect on pain levels.

The literature review revealed that, based on the current understanding, no prior studies have investigated the impact of VR headset use on anxiety-induced vasospasm in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography. Therefore, the study aimed to explore whether VR applications could influence the successful completion of this widely performed procedure worldwide.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) — day 1
  Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is used to convert certain non-quantifiable values into numerical data. A 100-mm line is marked with two extreme descriptions of the parameter being evaluated at each end. Patients are asked to indicate their current state on the line by drawing a mark, placing a dot, or pointing to a specific location. For example, in the case of pain, one end of the line might read "no pain at all," and the other end "worst imaginable pain." The patient marks the point on the line that best represents their current pain level. The distance from the "no pain" end to the point marked by the patient represents the intensity of the pain they are experiencing. The length of the line between these two points serves as a measure of the patient's subjective experience.

Trial sites (1)

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