The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effects of different types of anemia on HbA1c test results in non-diabetic adults who have anemia but do not have diabetes. The main question it aims to answer is:
\- Do different types of anemia (iron deficiency, vitamin B12/folate deficiency, thalassemia, and anemia of chronic illness) cause HbA1c levels to be falsely high or low in people without diabetes?
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
Inclusion Criteria:
\- Adult participants aged 18 years and above.
* Non-diabetic individuals, defined as:
* Fasting plasma glucose \< 126 mg/dL and/or
* HbA1c \< 6.5%, with no prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
* Individuals diagnosed with anemia based on WHO criteria:
* Hemoglobin \< 13 g/dL in males
* Hemoglobin \< 12 g/dL in female
* Patients with hemolytic anemia including thalassemia ( thalassemia trait and intermediate ) , sickle cell ( trait and disease ).
* Patients with confirmed specific types of anemia, based on laboratory evaluation:
* Iron deficiency anemia
* Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
* Folate deficiency anemia
* Anemia of chronic diseases
Exclusion Criteria:
* Known cases of diabetes mellitus or prediabetes.
* Recent blood transfusion within the last 3 months.
* Use of medications known to affect HbA1c levels
* Acute illness or infection at the time of enrollment.
* Pregnant women
* Hematological malignancies
Primary outcome measure(s)
Mean HbA1c Level — At the time of enrollment Comparison of mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, measured as a percentage (%), between non-diabetic adults diagnosed with specific types of anemia (iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, folate deficiency anemia, and anemia of chronic disease) and a non-anemic control group.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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