Comparison of Different Types of Surgery in Treating Patients With Stage IA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Pre-registration Eligibility Criteria: 1. Peripheral lung nodule ≤ 2 cm on preoperative CT scan and presumed to be lung cancer. The center of the tumor, as seen on CT, must be located in the outer third of the lung in either the transverse, coronal or sagittal plane. Patients with pure ground glass opacities or pathologically confirmed N1 or N2 disease are not eligible. 2. The tumor location must be suitable for either lobar or sublobar resection (wedge or segment). 3. ECOG performance status of 0-2. 4. No prior malignancy within 3 years other than non-melanoma skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer, or CIS of the cervix. 5. No prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy for this malignancy. 6. No evidence of locally advanced or metastatic disease. 7. Age ≥ 18 years Intra-operative Randomization Eligibility Criteria: 1. Histologic confirmation of NSCLC (if not already obtained) 2. Confirmation of N0 status by frozen section examination. Right sided tumors require that node levels 4, 7, and 10 be sampled and diagnosed as negative on frozen section. Left sided tumors require that node levels 5 or 6, 7 and 10 be sampled and diagnosed as negative on frozen section. Levels 4 and 7 nodes may be sampled by mediastinoscopy, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and/or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), or at the time of thoracotomy or VATS exploration. Nodes previously sampled by mediastinoscopy (or EBUS and/or EUS) either immediately prior to or within 6 weeks of the definitive surgical procedure (thoracotomy or VATS) do not need to be resampled.