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The Effects of Tyrosol and Creatine on Exercise Performance and Cognition in Healthy Adults
Condition(s) studied
TyrosolCreatineEndurance PerformanceCognitionMood
Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)
TyrosolCreatine MonohydrateResistant Dextrin
Tyrosol: phenolic compound found in olive oil
Creatine Monohydrate: chemical produced naturally by the body used to rapidly regenerate ATP
Resistant Dextrin: A type of soluble dietary fiber that is resistant to digestion in the small intestine. It is a byproduct of the starch hydrolysis process, where starch is broken down into smaller chains of glucose molecules
Study summary
This study will be a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. It will be conducted over a 8-week intervention investigating the effects of creatine (5g Creatine monohydrate); placebo control (5g resistant dextrin), and a combination group containing both creatine and tyrosol (5g creatine monohydrate + 150mg tyrosol/day). Endurance, strength, cognition, and fatigue resistance will be examined through repeated strength and endurance testing (described below).
Participants who pass initial screening will be invited on-site for day one (Visit 1) of testing where the participants will proceed with a series of tests which will include the following: (1) body composition; (2) mood and cognitive testing; (3) full-body strength testing; (4) 5RM (repetition maximum) bench press, leading to multiple sets of bench press (based on the previous weight) completed to failure; (5) finally, a time to exhaustion endurance test will be conducted followed by (6) repeat cognitive testing.
After the 8-week supplementation period (\~56-60 days), all original measures will be repeated as before in the same order (Visit 2). Approximately 24 hours later (Visit 3) participants will complete a questionnaire for muscle soreness remotely, and again at 48 hours post-Visit 2 (visit 4).
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
* Healthy males aged 20-55
* Currently active (engaged in moderate to vigorous activity at least 2-days per week as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines)
* Estimated VO2 max greater than the 40th percentile of the population norm for age (assessed via ACSM guidelines, 2014). The VO2 max estimation at screening will be obtained by following a non-exercise regression model validated and described by Bradshaw et al. (2005).
* Able to read and write in English
* During the study, agree not to take any other supplements that may increase muscle strength or endurance (e.g. protein formulas, creatine, amino acids, tyrosol or stimulants other than caffeine).
* During the study, subjects will not deviate from their normal daily routine unless it conflicts with study criteria. This includes maintaining their present workout routine and diet, without substantial changes.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Known diagnosis of any cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, or renal disease
* Uncontrolled stage II hypertension or higher
* Recent musculoskeletal injury (\<3-months)
* Recent orthopaedic surgery (\<12-months)
* History of or current malignancy
* Previous gastrointestinal surgery within the past 12 months
* Regular smoker
* Regular drinker (\>14 drinks per week)
* Current use (within the past 5 weeks) of creatine supplements
* Current use (within past 3 months) of Tyrosol supplementation
* Current use of dietary supplements that may enhance mitochondrial function, muscle hypertrophy, or muscle strength (e.g. protein formulas, creatine, amino acids, tyrosol, etc.).
* Current use of prescription medications that may influence adaptation to exercise (hormone therapies, peptides, etc.)
Primary outcome measure(s)
- Mid Thigh Pull — Performed one time at baseline (visit 1) and at day 56 (visit 2)
Utilizing a pronated clean grip, subjects will be instructed to assume a body position similar to the second pull of the snatch and clean. Once body positioning is stabilized, the subject will be given a countdown. Minimal pre-tension will be allowed to eliminate slack prior to initiation of the IMTP. Each subject will perform two warm-up reps, one at 50% and one at 75% of perceived maximum effort. Thereafter, subjects will complete two maximal IMTPs separated by approximately two minutes of rest. Force kinematics from the IMTP will be collected and recorded using a linear position transducer.
- Bench Press 5 Repetition Max (RM) — Performed one time at baseline (visit 1) and at day 56 (visit 2).
Subjects will be asked to perform a 5 repetition maximum (RM) lift in order to calculate their 1RM for determination of weight needed for the protocol. The participants will start with a warm-up consisting of the following: 1 set of 8-10 reps of a light weight of their choosing followed by 1-2 sets of 3-5 reps of progressively heavier weights (\~50-70% of self-estimated 1RM). Following a 2-minute rest, subjects will select a weight they feel confident they can do for 5-7 reps but not more than 7 reps (based on warm-up weights). Weight will be increased until the subject is only able to complete 5 reps with good form. This will be their 5RM. For safety, a spotter will always be present for lifts and a set of safety bars will be used as well. Subject's 1RM will be calculated from this 5RM using the Brzycki formula (Macarilla CT, et.al. 2022) 1RM = W / (1.0278 - 0.0278 × R), where W represents the weight lifted in pounds, and R represents the number of repetitions.
- Bench Press Repetitions to Failure — Performed one time at baseline (visit 1) and at day 56 (visit 2).
After calculating the estimated 1RM from the 5RM, subjects will then perform 4 sets of bench press at 50% of the calculated 1RM to failure with a two-minute rest between all sets. Total repetitions for each of these sets will be recorded and will be used to determine fatigue and compared to follow-up Visit 2 performance for fatigue resistance. For safety, a spotter will always be present for lifts and a set of safety bars will be used as well.
- Muscle/aerobic endurance (Graded Cycling time to exhaustion) — Performed one time at baseline (visit 1) and at day 56 (visit 2).
Participants will complete a graded cycling test on a calibrated cycle ergometer to assess aerobic performance. The total duration in minutes participants are able to sustain the incremental cycling workload until volitional fatigue is recorded. This measures endurance capacity during the graded test. Proper cycle ergometer setup, including seat height and handlebar position, will be standardized for all participants. Testing will be conducted by trained technicians for consistency.
Trial sites (1)
| Facility | City | Region | Status |
|---|
| Applied Science and Performance Institute |
Tampa |
Florida |
|
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