Comparison of Endoscopic and Open Surgery for Gynecomastia

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Endoscopic Nipple-Areola Complex-Preserving Mastectomy: The procedure is performed under general anesthesia using a minimally invasive endoscopic approach. Breast glandular tissue is removed through a small axillary incision while preserving the nipple-areola complex. Liposuction may be performed when clinically indicated. The surgical technique is performed as part of routine clinical care and is not assigned by the study.

Conventional Open Nipple-Areola Complex-Preserving Mastectomy: The procedure is performed under general anesthesia using a conventional open surgical approach. Breast glandular tissue is removed through a periareolar incision while preserving the nipple-areola complex. Liposuction may be performed when clinically indicated. The surgical technique is performed as part of routine clinical care and is not assigned by the study.

Study summary

The goal of this observational study is to compare the clinical outcomes, safety, and patient satisfaction of endoscopic versus conventional open surgical techniques in adult male patients undergoing surgery for gynecomastia.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

* Does endoscopic gynecomastia surgery provide better aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction compared with conventional open surgery?
* Does endoscopic surgery reduce postoperative complications, sensory changes of the nipple-areola complex, and visible scarring compared with conventional open surgery?

Researchers will compare patients undergoing endoscopic nipple-areola complex-preserving mastectomy with patients undergoing conventional open nipple-areola complex-preserving mastectomy to evaluate differences in surgical outcomes, complications, cosmetic results, and quality of life.

Participants will:

* Undergo gynecomastia surgery as part of their routine clinical care using either an endoscopic or conventional open technique.
* Attend routine postoperative follow-up visits for up to 12 months.
* Complete patient-reported outcome assessments, including pain and satisfaction questionnaires.
* Undergo evaluation of scar quality, nipple-areola complex sensation, and postoperative complications during follow-up.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Patient Satisfaction — From enrollment through the 12-month follow-up period
  Patient satisfaction assessed using the BODY-Q Chest Module following gynecomastia surgery
• Overall Postoperative Complication Rate — From enrollment through the 12-month follow-up period
  Incidence of postoperative complications including nipple-areola complex hypoesthesia, wound complications, hematoma, seroma, infection, contour deformity, and need for revision surgery

Trial sites (2)

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